远视性光学离焦对青少年期猴眼屈光状态的影响  

Effects of experimentally induced hyperopic optical defocus on refractive status of adolescent monkeys

作　　者：钟兴武[1] 葛坚[1] 陈晓莲[1] 谭钢[1] 聂昊辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学中山眼科中心,广州510060

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2006年第3期256-260,共5页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET04-0812);霍英东青年教师基金资助项目(91043);广东省科技计划资助项目(2003C32707);广东省自然科学基金重点资助项目(04105323)

摘　　要：目的动态观察远视性光学离焦对青少年期猴眼屈光状态的影响，了解视觉反馈在相当于人类近视眼发生的关键年龄对屈光状态发育过程的调控作用。方法年龄2．0—2．5岁的健康恒河猴（相当于人类8—10岁）7只，1只眼接受准分子激光角膜屈光手术（PRK），使术后产生1．00～2．00D远视性光学离焦；另一眼作为对照。处理前和处理后不同时间点分别用角膜地形图、睫状肌麻痹验光和A超动态观察猴眼屈光状态的变化，观察时间为3年。结果术后约30d，实验性的屈光不正度数已稳定，7只猴双眼屈光参差为0．75～2．25D，实验眼与对照眼比较处于更加远视的状态；在随后的观察期内，实验眼均表现为代偿生长的过程，玻璃体腔增长速率较对照眼快（t=3．565，P=0．0119）；在此过程中，角膜曲率也发生一定回复，但屈光参差程度的减少主要由双眼玻璃体腔增长的差异引起（r=0．74，P=0．046）。结论远视性光学离焦仍然可通过加快玻璃体腔增长速率影响青少年期灵长类动物屈光状态发育过程，因此持续性的远视性光学离焦可能对儿童近视的发生发展有潜在的影响。Objective To determine if chronic optical defocus alters refractive development in monkeys at ages corresponding to the typically developed age of myopia in human children. Methods A hyperopic anisometropia was produced in 7 adolescent rhesus monkeys by photorefractive keratectomy （PRK）. The laser procedures were performed when the monkeys were 2.0 to 2.5 years old, which corresponded to approximately 8-10 years old in human being. The ocular effects of the induced anisometropia were assessed periodically by corneal topography, retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasonography. Results By about 30 days post-PRK, the experimentally induced refractive errors was stabilized and the treated eyes were between ＋ 0.75 and ＋ 2.25 D more hyperopic than their fellow eyes. Subsequently, 7 monkeys showed systematic reductions in the degree of anisometropia. Although some regression in corneal power occurred, the compensating refractive changes were primarily due to the differences in vitreous chamber growth（r=0.74, P =0.046）. Conclusions Vision-dependent mechanisms that are sensitive to refractive error are still active in adolescent primates and probably play a role in maintaining stable refractive errors in the two eyes. Consequently, conditions that result in consistent hyperopic defocus could potentially contribute to the development of juvenile onset myopia in children.

关 键 词：近视 恒河猴 屈光不正 

分 类 号：R778.12[医药卫生—眼科]