盐碱环境放线菌多样性研究  

Study on diversity of actinomycetes under salt and alkaline environments

作　　者：姜怡[1] 李文均[1] 徐平[1] 唐蜀昆[1] 徐丽华[1] 张玉琴[1] 张永光[1] 张利平[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学云南省微生物研究所教育部微生物资源重点实验室,昆明650091 [2]河北大学生命科学学院,保定071002

出　　处：《微生物学报》2006年第2期191-195,共5页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973项目"(2004CB719601);科技部基础研究重大项目前期研究专项(2002C0001P);国家自然科学基金(30270004;3056001)~~

摘　　要：放线菌因产生多种多样的生物活性物质而受到重视。但极端环境放线菌的研究甚少。采用DGGE、纯培养法,重点研究了新疆、青海及埃及的重盐碱环境的放线菌分布情况,种类组成,生物学特性。发现了1个新科,8个新属及30多个新种。从嗜(耐)盐碱放线菌筛选到许多带有PKS基因的菌株。认为极端环境放线菌是生物活性物质的重要来源;改进分离程序,分离未知放线菌,是放线菌多样性研究及开发利用的前提之一;并对极端环境放线菌研究作了论述。Actinomycetes have been attached a great attention owing to these microorganisms product various natural compounds and have special mechanism of adapting extreme environments. But the research work on actinomycetes under extreme environments is few. Soil and sediment samples were collected from saline and alkaline soil and lakes in Xinjiang, Qinghai Province, P. R. China and Egypt. Diversity and some biological characteristics of Actinomycete were studied by using cultivation and DGGE methods. Results showed that large amount of unknown microorganisms exist in the salt lake Chaka, isolated strains account for only a small portion of species diversity. Designing new strategies for isolation of as yet uncultured microorganisms from natural extreme environments is the key step to exploit microbial resources. The 87% of alkalophilic or alkalinetolerant actinomycete strains were able to grow at pH 6.0 - 12.0. 14 strains grow well at pH 8,5 - 11.5, but not at pH 7.0. 34 halotolerant actinomycete cab grow in 15% - 20% NaCI. Based on the study of the halophilic and halotolerant actinomycetes isolated from the saline and the alkaline soils collected from Xinjiang and Qinghai Province, China, we can conclude that the relationship of actinomycetes （especially halophilic actinomycetes strains） to positive ions such as Na ^＋ , K^＋ and Mg^2＋ is very complex, and there were sodiumphilic, kaliumphilic, magnesiumphilic, and calciumphilici actinomycete strains. One new family, eight new genera and more than 30 new species of halophilic and alkalophilic actinomycetes were fund. Many strains with PKS genes were selected, We believe based on the research results that there is a very high density of new or unknown actinomycete resources in these areas in China and Egypt.

关 键 词：极端环境 放线菌多样性 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]