ArA,EPA和DHA在水生动物中应用的研究进展  

Application of Different Fatty Acids in Aquatic Animals

作　　者：杨建梅[1] 王安利[1] 霍湘[1] 姚丽锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学生命科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《海洋通报》2006年第2期64-73,共10页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金重点项目(021098);广东省科技计划项目(2002C20304);广州市科技攻关重点项目(2002Z2-E0102)

摘　　要：ArA,EPA和DHA是水生动物卵巢中卵磷脂、精子中的磷脂酰乙醇胺以及卵母细胞等的主要组成成分,能够影响产卵率、受精率、卵径大小、卵黄囊的体积、孵化率及存活率等,这三种必需脂肪酸在细胞结构、物质代谢和能量调节等方面具有重要作用,能够维持细胞通透性,增强消化酶活性,从而促进水生动物的生长;还能够影响细胞吞噬能力及呼吸爆发强度,并可以通过控制与免疫相关的酶活性以及类二十烷的产生而增强水生动物机体的免疫能力;其中的ArA可以通过调节皮质醇以及其他未知途径调节水生动物抵抗各种应激的能力。对这三种高度不饱和脂肪酸对水生动物生长、繁殖、免疫功能的影响和抗应激能力以及三者之间的关系作了综述并提出了问题和展望,以期对水产养殖提供理论参考。ArA, EPA and DHA are main components of lecithin in ovary, phosphatidylethanolamine in sperm and oocyte , and so on . They can affect spawning, fecundation, diameter of ovum, volume of yolk sac, hatch and survival, et al. These three required fatty acids are also important in cytoarchitecture, metabolism of substance and regulation of energy, so they can accelerate growth of aquatic animals by maintaining the permeability between cells and improving the activity of digestive enzymes; ArA, EPA and DHA also can affect phagocytic and respirtory burst activities, and improve the immunity ability of aquatic animals by controlling enzymatic activity correlative to immunity and the production of eicosanoid; ArA can improve resistance to diversified stress of aquatic animals by adjusting cortisol and other unknown approaches. These three kinds of fatty acids can greatly affect the aquatic animals, and this article reviews their effect on growth, propagation, immunologic function and resistance to stress, but also introduces the relationship between them, expecting to provide useful references for aquaculture.

关 键 词：ARA EPA DHA 水生动物 生长 繁殖 免疫功能 抗应激能力 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]