医院护士职业压力与身心健康调查  

A survey of occupational stress and mental and physical health of nurses in hospital

作　　者：姚文英[1] 邹志方[2] 黄志红[1] 杨穗莲[1] 梁金笑[1] 姚小惠[1] 文慧萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市人民医院,510180 [2]广东药学院,510224

出　　处：《护理研究（上旬版）》2006年第4期870-872,共3页Chinese Nursing Researsh

摘　　要：[目的]了解医院护士职业压力与身心健康状况，提高护士的身心健康水平。[方法]采用职业压力测量问卷、工作能力指数调查表及症状自评量表（SCL-90），对桌医院545名护士进行调查，分析主要的职业压力与易受职业压力影响的护士群体。[结果]护士主要职业压力源是心理负荷、工作负荷、缺乏提升与参与机会；年龄越大、职称越高。所患疾病的数目也越多；护士SCL-90总均分、躯体化、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性各项因子得分均较全国常模高；SCL-90总均分在护龄分布中呈先上升再下降趋势，以10年～20年组最高。[结论]医院护士的主要职业压力源为心理和工作负荷，身心健康相对较差的护士是年龄大、护龄长、职称较高、承受压力较大的护士群体；过大的职业压力时护士身心健康有不良作用。Objective：To get information about occupational stress and mental and physical health of nurses in hospital. Method： A total of 545 nurses of a hospital were investigated by filling out occupational stress measuring questionnaires, performance index scale and symptom check list 90 （SCL- 90）. Both major occupational stress and nurses group that easily to be affected by occupational stress were analyzed. Result： the major occupational stress sources of nurses are mental load, work load and lack of opportunities to be promoted and participated. The elder of nurses, and the higher job title, the more diseases nurses would get. In terms of the SCL- 90 score and scores of all influencing factors of somatization, anxiety, fear and psychosis, the investigated nurses were higher than that of normal level. The total average SCL - 90 score went upward and then downward in age distribution of nurses, and peaked at 10 to 20 - year working experience group. Conclusion： the major occupational stress sources are mental and work load. Nurses of elder age group, with longer work experiences or higher job title, and with higher work pressures have a relatively poor mental and physical health. Overloading of occupational Stress is harmful to both mental and physical health of nurses.

关 键 词：护士 职业压力 身心健康 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]