一个八倍体小偃麦染色体组成的分子细胞学分析及品质特性鉴定  

Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis and Quality Characteristics Identification of an Introduced Octoploid Trititrigia

作　　者：李伟光[1] 王志国[1] 纪军[1] 王静[1] 李俊明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源中心

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2006年第2期6-10,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2003AA207080);中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KSCX2-SW-304-2)

摘　　要：八倍体小偃麦是普通小麦遗传改良的重要种质材料,为进一步发掘和利用其优良基因,对从匈牙利科学院农业研究所引进的八倍体小偃麦BE-1的染色体组成和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-G S)进行了分析鉴定。细胞学观察结果表明,其体细胞染色体数目为2n=56,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PM C M I)染色体构型2n=28Ⅱ的细胞占65.8%;分别用长穗偃麦草(T h inopy rum elong a tum,D.R D ew ey,2n=14,EE)、百萨薄冰草(T h inopy rum bessarabicum,A.Love,2n=14,JJ)、假鹅观草(P seud oroegneria strig osa,A.Love,2n=14,S tS t)的总基因组DNA作探针进行原位杂交,结果发现仅在假鹅观草总基因组DNA作探针时,能够检测到BE-1 14条染色体明显的杂交信号,进而认为它们来源于S t基因组相近的鹅观草属的物种;对八倍体小偃麦BE-1麦谷蛋白进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果表明其HMW-G S组成为1,6+8,5+10。红外谷物品质分析仪测试结果表明,它的蛋白质、湿面筋含量及沉淀值均超过当前优质小麦品种,可做为普通小麦品质改良的重要基因源。Octoploid Trititrigia is an important germplasm for wheat genetic improvement. In order to exploit its benefit genes, one of the Octoploid Trititrigia line BE-1 was introduced from the Agricultural Institute of Hungary Sciences. Its chromosome constitution and HMW-GS was studied in the paper. The cytogenetic results indicated that the chromosome number of BE-1 was 2n= 56 in root tip cells and the chromosome configuration of 65.8% cells at the PMC MI were 2n= 28 It ; furthermore, genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） using genomic DNA from Thinopyrum elongatum, D. R Dewey （E. E, 2n= 14）. Thinopyrum bessarabicum, A. Love （JJ, 2n=14）.Pseudoroegneria strigosa, A. Love （StSt, 2n=14）, was used to examine the genomic constitution of BE-1. Evidence of GISH showed the only St genome could distinguished 14 home-rogenous chromosomes with distinct hybrid signal, while the E and J genome had only indistinct and partial hybrid patterns. It indicated that the heterogenous chromosomes of BE-1 was more closer to that of Pseudoroegneria strigosa, and the genome constitution of BE-1 was primarily thought to be AABBDDStSt. The analysis of HMW-GS of BE-1 by SDS-PAGE showed it consisted of 1, 6 ＋ 8, 5 ＋ 10 subunits, seed quality analysis indicated its protein content, wet gluten index and sedimentation value exceeded other Octoploid Trititrigia Zhong 1-Zhong 7 and Xiaoyan 6 and Gao 8901, In conclusion Octoploid Trititrigia BE-1 should be an important genome resources in wheat improvement.

关 键 词：八倍体小偃麦 基因组原位杂交 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 

分 类 号：S512.9[农业科学—作物学] S336