外来植物成功入侵的生物学特征  

Biological characteristics of alien plants successful invasion.

作　　者：史刚荣[1] 马成仓[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮北煤炭师范学院生物科学系,淮北235000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2006年第4期727-732,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018601);安徽省教育厅自然科学基金资助项目(2003kj189).

摘　　要：外来植物的入侵能力与其性状之间的关系是入侵生态学中的基本问题之一.成功的入侵种常常能占据多样化的生境,具有较强的适应性、繁殖力和散布力.表型可塑性和遗传分化是外来入侵植物对生境异质性的两种适应策略;散布体多态型和散布途径多种化,使外来入侵植物迅速占领入侵生境,并进行远距离扩散;无性生殖和有性生殖并存,并根据生境和入侵阶段权衡的繁育对策不仅使入侵种群大面积暴发成为可能,而且直接影响散布机制并对种群遗传结构具有调节作用.高效的资源利用性竞争,加之以化感作用为基础的干扰性竞争使植物更具入侵性.How the traits of invasive plants determine their invasiveness is one of the major issues in invasion biology. Invasive plants usually have higher ability of adaptation, reproduction and dispersal, and thus, make them exploit a great diversity of habitats. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation are the two major strategies that alien invasive plants can adapt habitat heterogeneity. The polyrnorphism of invasive plants and the diversity of their dispersal way enable them occupying invaded habitat quickly, and dispersing with a far range. The breeding strategies that agamogenesis and amphigenesis can coexist and trade off according to the habitat and invasive stage can not only promote the invasive population erupted massively, but also directly affect the dispersal mechanism and regulate the genetic structure of the population. Efficient competition of resource utilization and interfering competition based on allelopathy make invasive plants more invasively.

关 键 词：外来入侵植物 入侵能力 表型可塑性 遗传变异 繁育特性 散布机制 竞争能力 化感作用 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]