北京市0-6岁智力低下儿童的病因及相关致病因素分析  

Epidemiology of mental retardation in aged 0～6 years children in Beijing

作　　者：梁爱民[1] 张秀玲[1] 武英华[1] 杨卫平[2] 边旸[3] 张致祥[3] 曲成毅[4] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院北京妇幼保健院,北京100006 [2]北京东城区妇幼保健院,北京100730 [3]北京大学第一医院儿科,北京100034 [4]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西太原030013

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2006年第2期119-122,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：北京市政府专项基金资助项目(2004-3)

摘　　要：【目的】了解北京市0～6岁智力低下（mental retardation．MR）儿童病因构成特点及相关致病因素，为政府相关部门制定政策提供科学依据。【方法】采用概率比例、二阶段分层整群抽样方法进行横断面调查及病例对照研究。使用丹佛发育筛查测验及Gesell发育诊断量表分别进行智力筛查和诊断。【结果】①本次共调查0～6岁儿童28738人，智力残疾现患率为9．31‰。②北京市0～6岁智力低下儿童主要致病原因以围产因素、社会心理因素为主；按病因的作用时间分析．出生前因素占首位；农村的社会文化心理因素所致MR比例远远高于城市。③性别为男性、母亲的文化水平低、母亲生育年龄偏高、近亲结婚、居住在城市是儿童智力低下发生的重要影响因素；母孕期受一定的精神刺激，家族中有五类残疾、出生窒息、出生低体重、在婴幼儿期患过与脑发育有关的疾病是智力低下发生的生物相关致病因素。【结论】儿童智力低下的预防应以围生期因素、社会文化因素为主。防治重点应在农村。[Objective] To describe the epidemiology of mental retardation （MR） of the children between 0 and 6 years old and compensate for the lack of childhood aetilology datum in Beijjng. [Methods] The study adopted sampling method by 2-phase cluster stratified; The developmental quotient （DQ） was evaluated with standardized Gesell developmental schedule; Transverse investigation and retrospect cohort ease comparison had been implemented and datum had been collected by questionnaire. [ Results ] ① A total of 2 6 7 children was found among the children of 2 8 6 8 2 , the rate was 9.31%0. ② The major aetiology of MR between 0 and 6 years in Beijing was mainly due to the perinatal and social psychological cause： The cause before birth, such as intrauterine asphyxia, premature, and malnutrition was the most important one; The most striking characteristic in rural areas was that MR children due to social psychological and cultural cause were much more than that in urban areas.③Boy, low education level of mother, older childbearing mother,a near-kin marriage, living in cities, etc. were important to this children disease： second, certain mental stimulus during pregnancy, 5 types of familial disability, birth asphyxia, light-for-dates, childhood disease were also of biological relevance. [Conclusion] To prevent the perinatal and social psychological factors are the primary means and the rural areas is emphases.

关 键 词：智力低下 病因 致病因素 儿童 0~6岁 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]