下颌骨单侧牵张成骨对下牙槽神经的影响  

Influence of unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis on inferior alveolar nerve

作　　者：孙建壮[1] 刘彦普[1] 刘锐[1] 赵晋龙[1] 商洪涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学口腔医学院颌面外科,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《中国美容医学》2006年第4期422-424,i0006,共4页Chinese Journal of Aesthetic Medicine

摘　　要：目的:研究下颌骨单侧牵张成骨对下牙槽神经的影响。方法:新西兰大白兔25只,24只行单侧下颌牵张,随机分为两组:一组牵张速率为0.5mm×2次/天(1mm组);另一组为0.5mm×4次/天(2mm组),间歇期均为5天,牵张长度均为10mm。在牵张完成后0周、2周、4周、8周时每组各处死3只动物,最后一只处死做对照。4%多聚甲醛灌注固定,取牵张区含下牙槽神经组织块做大体观察及组织学观察。结果:牵张区神经大体观察均可见直径变细,组织学上可见发生了不同程度的退行性变化,表现为髓鞘肿胀、层状分离和断裂、轴索数目减少,但神经外膜、束膜仍完整,随着时间延长,发生修复性变化。结论:下颌骨牵张成骨后下牙槽神经发生退行性变,但在合适的牵张速率下是可逆的,随时间延长可以完全修复。Objective To investigate the influence of unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis on inferior alveolar nerve. Methods 25 New Zealand rabbits were used.24 of them were unilaterally distracted,which were divided into two groups.one group was distracted by 2×0.5mm/d for 10 days （lmm group）,the other was distracted by 4×0.5mm/d for 5 days （2mm group）, 5 days as latency period.Three rabbits were sacrificed each group respectively at 0,2nd,4th and 8th week after the completing of distraction,the last one was sacraficed as control, made thin section,stained and observed the chang of histological examination. Results After lengthing, the nerve became thinner.After distraction, obviously histologic degenerative alterations were observed in the IAN both groups;At 8th week postdistraction, far-flung regeneration were observed in the IAN of lmm group,only partial regeneration were observed in the IAN of 2mm group. Conclusion Mild or moderate morphological changes in the IAN were found following mandibular osteodistraction.However,the nerve degenerative alterations may be reversible under the proper rate of distraction.

关 键 词：牵张成骨 下牙槽神经 退行性变化 下颌骨 

分 类 号：R782.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]