城市街道常绿灌木植物叶片滞尘能力及滞尘颗粒物形态  

Capacity of dust uptake by leaf surface of Euonymus Japonicus Thunb. and the morphology of captured particle in air polluted city

作　　者：王赞红[1] 李纪标[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院,河北石家庄050016 [2]河北师范大学实验中心,河北石家庄050016

出　　处：《生态环境》2006年第2期327-330,共4页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(D2005000176);河北省科技开发项目(052035187D-6);河北师范大学博士科研基金项目(1305088)

摘　　要：城市园林植被中街道常绿灌木受工业排放、机动车尾气和道路扬尘等多重污染影响,其叶片生长高度恰好接近人体呼吸带,叶片受污染程度可反映人体污染暴露水平,是良好的环境质量代用指标。对于北方城市环境而言,常绿植被叶片的滞尘效应尤其重要。作者选择大气颗粒物污染严重的石家庄市为代表,对北方地区园林常用灌木植物大叶黄杨叶片的滞尘效应进行了研究。在石市4条主交通干道两旁样点首先对选定的大叶黄杨叶片进行冲洗,5日后取回载尘叶片进行滞尘量测量,重复进行5次,获得5个周期内叶片滞尘量数据;并对叶片表面滞尘颗粒物形态进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明,晴朗微风天气条件下,大叶黄杨叶片平均滞尘量为0.8614g·m-2·d-1,单叶最大饱和滞尘量为11.6197g·m-2,累积达到叶片饱和滞尘量的时间是15日。大叶黄杨叶片滞尘量大于同时期环境监测的大气降尘量,差额来自机动车排放和道路扬尘影响,这种影响约占叶片全部滞尘量的34.7%。大叶黄杨叶片表面滞尘为粒径小于10μm的颗粒物,深度清洗后叶片表面仍滞留粒径小于5μm的颗粒物,说明大叶黄杨叶片可以固定有害悬浮颗粒物并使之从大气环境中清除。本研究表明大叶黄杨强滞尘能力是城市近地面层环境中清除颗粒物污染的重要机制。The leaves of Euonymus Japonicus Thumb, could play important role in dust uptake around city streets, especially in northern area where broad-leaved trees defoliate in winter. But the quantitative effects of the leaves are still unclear, This investigation measured the amount of dust fall on the leaves surface of Euonymus Japonicus Thumb.by sampling beside 4 main traffic roads in Shijiazhuang city, the typical air polluted city in northern China, with the result that average dust uptake capacity of leaf surface under normal weather is 0.861 4 g·m^-2·d^-1, and the maximal accumulative dust uptake capacity of single leaf was 11.6197 g·m^-2, which had been attained in 15 days, The SEM images of particle on the leaf surface show that PM10 can be captured efficiently by the plant and the leaf can hold very fine particles even underwent thorough rinsing treatment. It has been claimed by this research that Euonymus Japonicus Thumb. is suitable for atmospheric particulate reduction in city road environment.

关 键 词：大叶黄杨 叶片 大气颗粒物 滞尘量 滞尘颗粒物形态 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]