燃料生命周期影响评价方法的研究  

Study of Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Fuels

作　　者：周祖鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]桂林电子科技大学

出　　处：《石油与天然气化工》2006年第2期154-157,共4页Chemical engineering of oil & gas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50175070)。

摘　　要：生命周期影响评价是全生命周期评价的重要环节。生命周期影响评价根据清单分析所提供的物质、能源消耗数据及各种排放数据,对系统或产品的环境影响进行评价,即对清单分析结果进行定性或定量排序的过程。本文对燃料生命周期影响评价的分类、特征化和量化方法进行详细讨论。采用了能量的使用、不可再生资源消耗、人体毒性、气溶胶、酸化和全球变暖六个重要的燃料评价影响类型。并运用当量模型分别对六个影响类型进行特征化处理。以木薯燃料乙醇和汽油为案例,进行了案例分析。文中提供的生命周期影响评价方法可以用于各种燃料的影响评价,有重要的应用价值。Life cycle impact assessment is one of the most important processes in life cycle assessment. According to the data obtained from the life cycle inventory analysis, impact to the environment of product can be obtained through ranking data such as consumption of material and energy and waste emission with qualitative and quantitative methods. In this paper, the classification, characterization and quantitative methods of impact assessment are discussed in details. Six impact indexes, such as energy usage, consumption of non - reproducible resource, health toxicity, potential aerosol, potential acid, and potential global warming, are proposed for fuels ' impact assessment. And six equivalent models are used to characterize the aforementioned indexes respectively. Furthermore, the case about the impact assessment of cassava - based ethanol and gasoline has been analyzed. This method of life cycle impact assessment can be used to assess all kinds of fuels and it has very important practical value.

关 键 词：生命周期 影响评价 燃料 木薯乙醇 

分 类 号：TQ511[化学工程]