《庄子·秋水》“望洋”新诂  

New Interpretation of Wangyang in Autumn Floods of Chuang-Tzu

作　　者：黄金贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2006年第3期45-52,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大资助项目(02JAZJD740018)

摘　　要：《庄子·秋水》中的“望洋”,或作“盳洋”、“望阳”、“望羊”,以“望羊”为正体,历来解为仰视貌或远视义。现代则多认为是联绵词,在词义上或袭取旧说,或通过系联同源联绵词求得许多以不明为义核的新解。但集中剖析此词从上古至后世的诸多用例,即可知它不是联绵词,而是以偏正结构喻指眼的一种病相,即眼白多而偏下、瞳仁小而偏上且不转,并都作谓语,不修饰动词。故“望洋”本义是定睛上视貌,引申为定睛高远视义,指有心志、抱负者眼相。《庄子·秋水》“望洋”今皆误连“向若而叹”,其实当连上“目”而成“目望洋”句,此“望洋”用为本义。《庄子·秋水》中此句描绘河伯肖像,寓意深刻。“望洋”之所以长期得不到确诂,是由于词义训诂只释名而不解物,也是对联绵词的误识与误诂。The term wangyang （望洋） in Autumn Floods, Chapter Seventeen of Chuang-tzu has been interpreted as mangyang （盳洋）, wangyang （望阳 ）, or wangyang （望羊）, the last one being generally acknowledged as the formal one, which means being looking up, or looking into the distance. Modern scholars argue that wangyang （望羊） should be a Chinese rhyming compound or disyllabic Chinese term, semantically either taking the old explanation for granted, or gaining some new viewpoints in terms of its ambiguity of the core meaning by finding out the homogeneous words of wangyang. After analyzing numerous instances from ancient times up to now, however, we hold that wangyang is not a rhyming compound or disyllabic term but a modifier-an＆the-modified phrase that refers to a kind of eye disease in ancient times. The disease is characterized by the more white content of each eye which covers much of its bottom part and by the smallness of each pupil which iust covers its top, seemingly unable to move. Furthermore, wangyang in either case acts as a predicate, without modifying a verb or noun in the sentence. Therefore, the original meaning of wangyang is the appearance of fixing one＇s eyes up at something. As this meaning extends, it referred to looking far into the distance, which describes someone with a great ambition. In interpreting wangyang in Autumn Floods, it has today been connected by mistake with the phrase xiangruo^ertan in the chapter. But when wangyang goes with mu （eye） in the same chapter, it stands for its original meaning. This sentence that describes the River God has a profound metaphorical meaning. The reason why wangyang cannot be explained accurately for a long time is that critical interpretation of ancient text is only semantic interpretation instead of lexical interpretation, thus leading to the misunderstanding and wrong interpretation of a rhyming compound or disyllabic term.

关 键 词：望洋 望羊 联绵词 庄子 仰视貌 《庄子·秋水》 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]