汉语时体的分类和语义解释  

The Categories of Chinese Aspects and their Semantic Interpretation

作　　者：瞿云华[1] 冯志伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学应用语言学研究所,浙江杭州310058 [2]教育部语言文字应用研究所计算语言学研究室,北京100010

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2006年第3期169-175,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(03BYY019)

摘　　要：英汉语在时体分类和对时间看法上存在的差异,使英汉语时体分类和语义解释难以一一对应,因而对汉语时体进行语义解释不能直接延用英语的语义解释方式,而必须对汉语时体的语义特性进行分析,并在此基础上使用中间语言形式化地描述语义特性,才能有效地解决汉英机器翻译中的时体处理问题。汉语的“了”、“过”、“在”、“着”、“起来”和“下去”,在语义上相对应,是常用的典型时体标记,以它们为例进行语义对比分析,以时态逻辑为形式化描述手段,较好地体现了汉语时体之间的语义差异。This paper addresses the aspect problems with Chinese-English machine translation with emphasis on the discrepancies of the categories between English and Chinese aspects, the semantic interpretation and formalization of Chinese aspects. It employs the inter-language as a major mean to connote the Chinese aspects in order to bridge a gap between the source language Chinese and the target language English. Furthermore, it analyzes the discrepancies of categories and different views of time between English and Chinese aspects. These discrepancies not only prevent the categories and semantic interpretation of Chinese aspects from having a one to one matching relationship with those of English aspects, but also become great barriers to Chinese-English aspect＇s translation. The result of these analyses suggest that the semantics of Chinese aspects should not be interpreted by the interpretative method of the semantics of English aspects, but be formalized with interlanguage, based on the interpretation from the perspective of semantic attributes of Chinese aspects. And more, this paper elaborates on the semantic discrepancies between the frequently used ＂le＂ ＂ ＂ ＂zai＂ ＂zhe＂ pairs of Chinese aspect markers with opposite senses： and guo , and , and ＂qilai＂ and ＂xiaqu＂. ＂le＂（This paper focuses on verbal ＂le＂. ） refers to the immediately passing of the end boundary of the temporal interval of an event or a behavior, implying Perfective Aspect. However, ＂guo＂ expresses the remotely passing of the end boundary of the temporal interval of an event or a behavior, implying Experiential Aspect. ＂zai＂ focuses on the progression of an activity, designating Progressive Aspect. Nevertheless, ＂zhe＂ focuses on the duration of an action, designating Durative Aspect. ＂qilai＂ represents the beginning of a new situation, indicating Inchoative Aspect. However, ＂xiaqu＂ represents the succession of an action or the successive development of a situation, indicating Successive A

关 键 词：机器翻译 汉语时体 语义解释 时态逻辑谓词 汉语 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语]