退耕花椒林下种草保持水土效益研究  

A Study on the benefit of planting pasture after receding fromcropping for preserving water and soil under young Bloom Pepper forest

作　　者：罗天琼[1] 罗绍薇[1] 莫本田[1] 赵明坤[1] 龙忠富[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省草业科学研究所,贵州独山558200

出　　处：《草业科学》2006年第5期61-64,共4页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：贵州省农业厅项目"贵州优良牧草苇状羊茅的区域试验"的部分内容(2000-05)

摘　　要：通过在退耕的幼花椒Zanthoxylum esquiro lii林下种植苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea cv．91-82）和白三叶Trifolium repens等草种，以空旷地作对比，重点测定其植被盖度、土壤物理性状、土壤渗透性能、土壤抗蚀性、植被根系含量、鲜草产量及营养成分含量等，结果表明：这些草被植物的适应性广，生长迅速，茎叶繁茂，覆盖效果好，覆盖率当年可达85％以上，茎叶吸水率高，可有效减轻雨水对地表的溅蚀作用，拦蓄地表径流达30％以上；根系量大，分布浅，可有效固结土壤；其枯枝落叶和老化的根系腐烂后可有效改善土壤的物理性状，增加土壤孔隙度，提高渗透速率，从而提高土壤的蓄水保水能力，有效保持水土。同时苇状羊茅单播及其与白三叶的混播草地鲜草产量高，营养丰富，蛋白质含量为12．70％～16．48％，适口性好，可种草养畜，形成草-椒-畜的农业结构模式。因而这些草被植物的水土保持及开发利用效益好，可作为当前农业产业结构调整、生态环境建设和退耕还草还林的首选草种大力推广。Planting pasture species, fescue and white clover etc. , under young bloom pepper forest lands which had receded from cropping, with void lands for contrast. The test mainly measured vegetation cover and soil physical character and penetrability, soil erosion-resistance character, contents of vegetation root system, fresh grass yield and nutrients content etc. The result showed that these vegetation had wide adaptation, the growth was rapid, the stem and leaf was exuberate, the result of vegetation cover was good, which arrived to 85% in the sowing year. The stem and leaf had high water absorbing rate, it could effectively lighten rain water＇s bespatter erode action to the earth surface, hold back and store up surface run off over 30%; with large root system and shallow distribution, which could be good for concreting the soil; the litter and old root system could effectively improve soil physical properties after decay, increase soil porosity, increase infiltration rate, therefore, it could improve soil＇s water storing and preserving capability, effectvely preserving water and soil. At the same time,the fresh yield of rescue pasture single sowing or mixed with white clover was high, the nutrition was rich , with protein content 12.7%-16.48%. The palatability was good, it can be planted and used to feed livestock, forming agricultural structure model of grass-bloom pepper-livestock. Because these plants are good to preserve water and soil and have good exploitation and use efficiency,they can be used as the first priority forage species to greatly extend in current structure reform in agricultural industry.pasture and forest reclaimation from cropping for ecological environment construction.

关 键 词：退耕 花椒林 种草 保持水土 效益 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]