塔里木河上游典型绿洲景观变化及其生态效应分析  

Landscape Change and Ecological Effect of Typical Oasis in the Upper Reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：贡璐[1] 王宏卫[1] 鲍平勇[2] 吕光辉[1] 潘晓玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院 [2]河海大学土木工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2006年第3期421-425,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：新疆大学青年教师科研启动基金项目(QN040126);自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2005106);新疆大学基金资助

摘　　要：塔里木河上游地区是典型的生态脆弱带和环境危机带,对以人类活动为主导的区域水土资源的开发反响强烈,主要表现在其景观空间格局随水土资源开发程度而发生的变化。本研究以景观生态学的前沿理论和方法为指导,借助于3S技术,在现代绿洲荒漠陆地生态系统研究成果的基础上,较系统的分析了1990—2000年塔里木河上游地区阿克苏-阿瓦提绿洲景观格局变化,同时对其生态效应进行探讨。研究表明,10a间研究区景观变化显著,农田增加了约10万hm2,居民点、盐碱地景观也均有大面积增加,草地、林地、水域、湿地景观都有不同程度的减少;整个地区景观多样性指数由1.40714减小到了1.40361,均匀度指数由0.64041减小到0.63601,均呈逐渐变小的趋势,体现了当地景观异质性程度下降。优势度指数由0.7901上升到0.7936、破碎度指数由0.0660上升到0.0778,人类对生态景观的干扰程度不断增强。同时,人类活动在改造和利用景观的同时带来了一系列不良的生态效应。The Tarim River basin is a typical ecological fragile zone and environmental critical zone, where violent effect was caused mainly by the utilization of land and water resources. Principally, the landscape pattern changed a lot along with the degree of development and utilization of land and water resources. Based on the research achievement on modern oasis-desert ecosystem, with guidance of the pilot theory of landscape ecology, we have analyzed the landscape change and its ecological effect of Akesu-Awati oasis from 1990 to 2000 by using the ＂3S＂ technology, it was showed that the changes of landscape are notable. The landscape patches such as cropland, residential site and saline land increased rapidly in contrast to reduction of grassland, forest land, water area and wetland to different degree. The fractal dimension and landscape dominance increase while landscape diversity and evenness decline. These changes indicate that the disturb- ance from humankind is continuously enhanced. Changes of landscape have brought about a series of ecological effect. The paper put forwards that only by regional sustainable development should we achieve the best development of society and economy in the research area.

关 键 词：塔里木河上游 绿洲 景观变化 生态效应 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]