植入前遗传学诊断“知情同意”的影响因素与对策  

Influential Factors And Strategies of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Informed Consent

作　　者：涂玲[1] 卢光琇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学生殖与干细胞工程研究所,湖南长沙410078

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2006年第2期46-48,共3页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：植入前遗传学诊断(Preimplantation Genetic D iagnosis PGD)是辅助生育技术与分子生物学技术相结合而发展的孕前遗传学诊断技术,在植入子宫前淘汰了遗传异常的胚胎,是产前诊断技术的重大进展。但是,由于技术本身存在着一定局限性和不确定性,同时,受到病人认知能力等因素的影响,由此引发了系列伦理学争议。在进行PGD前,一个明了、详尽的患者知情同意过程是必须的。包括通俗全面告知PGD有关信息、手术和检测的局限性和可能结果;充分告知通过PGD所获得的利益和风险。在此基础上针对不同的遗传病检测签署详细的书面知情同意书。Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis （ PGD ） is a pre - gestational diagnostic technique used to identify genetic defects in embryos created through in vitro fertilization prior to transfer into the uterus. It is currently the only option available to avoid the dilemma of a pregnancy termination due to unfavorable prenatal diagnosis of high risk genetic diseases, however, the limitation of this technique could result in uncertain results. To avoid ethics disputes, patients must undergo a medical informed consent process to fully understand the risks prior to undergoing PGD. This process is often hampered by the patients＇ restricted recognition ability. Here we discuss possible strategies to help patients completely comprehend the critical issues relating to PGD, including comprehensiveness of PGD related information, and all possible benefits and risks of currently available operational and detection techniques. Based on this, It is necessary to sign a detailed medical informed consent according to different inherited disease.

关 键 词：植入前遗传学诊断(PGD) 知情同意 生命伦理学 患者的认知能力 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]