内蒙古森林草原交错带土地利用变化的区域差异特征分析  

Analyzing Land Use Change in Ecotone between Forest and Grass in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：张峰[1] 王桥[1] 王文杰[1] 申文明[1] 罗海江[1] 刘晓曼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,北京100029

出　　处：《资源科学》2006年第3期52-58,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技部"十.五"科技攻关项目(编号:2003BA614A-06-04);国防科工委项目(编号:科工技[2004]186);国家"十五"863计划项目(编号:2003AA131060)

摘　　要：本文基于20世纪80年代中后期和2000年两期共10景Landsat TM/ETM+影像,通过解译,生成土地利用图,对内蒙古森林草原交错带各旗市的近15年土地利用变化进行了分析。对比结果表明:土地利用结构变化表现出耕地明显增加,草地和林地呈减少趋势,反映出研究区开垦和砍伐现象严重;土地利用变化的区域差异明显,林地转为草地主要在新巴尔虎左旗,草地转化为耕地主要发生在鄂温克自治区,在生态环境保护和管理上要区别对待;土地利用变化导致研究区内景观破碎度增加,内部生境更容易遭受外部的侵袭干扰;生境质量下降。两期土地利用变化结果总体上以耕地增加,各种土地类型流向耕地为主,土地利用变化的主要趋动力为人口总数的增加。Land-use/land cover change is an important research field worldwide. In this study the vulnerable ecological area of Hulunbeir was selected as study area and land-use change was analyzed with the transformation matrix and spatial ditribution of 9 important land-use change forms during the periods of late 1980＇s to 2000 based on Landsat TM/ETM^＋ imagine of Hulunbeir ecotone between forest and grass. The result shows that great changes have taken place in land-use in study area in fifteen years. increase of cultivated land is one of the most important changes, which was mainly transformed from grassland, forestland. The grassland and forestland tend to decrease. Differences of land use changes among regions are evident. The change from forestlands to grassland mainly occurred in Xinbarehu city. And the change from grassland to cultivated land mainly happened in Ewenke city. The number of patches and the total length of patch edges tend to increase, which shows that the landscape fragmentation was strengthened. These changes reflect the deterioration of eco-environment. In addition, cultivated land,idle land and land for construction increased with the cost of decrease of grassland land and forest land and general vegetation cover decease. The ability of self-recovery of eco-environment has been weakening. Based on the remote sensing monitor result and the social statistic, it is found that the rapid growth of population and the economic development are the main driving forces of land-use change in study area during the past 15 years. Furthermore, macro-policies on land exploitation and ecological protection are also important human driving forces of land use change.

关 键 词：森林草原交错带 土地利用变化 区域差异 生态环境效应 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]