中国13所大学本科生心理压力现状的流行病学调查  

An epidemiological survey on the psychological stress status for students in 13 Chinese colleges

作　　者：张林[1] 车文博[2] 黎兵[2] 张旭东[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教育学院心理学系,315211 [2]吉林大学社会心理学系

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2006年第5期387-391,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：全国教育科学"十五"规划重点资助项目(ABA010010)

摘　　要：目的了解当前中国大学生群体心理压力的主要来源及其流行病学特征。方法采用整群随机抽样选取13所高校2007名大学本科生作为研究样本,应用“大学生心理压力调查问卷”进行现场问卷调查。结果大学生心理压力源排前五位的依次为学习任务、学校环境、职业选择、人际交往和情绪失调。其中,心理压力程度中等的占49．3％,程度较重的临界人群占8．4％,压力程度很重的占0．3％。具体而言,二、三年级大学生心理压力的程度普遍高于一、四年级大学生,在择业和学业压力方面女生显著高于男生,在家庭、恋爱、健康、适应和挫折压力方面男生显著高于女生。乡村来源大学生的心理压力明显高于城市来源大学生,普通学校大学生心理压力显著高于重点学校大学生,西部地区大学生心理压力高于沿海开放地区的大学生。结论心理压力已成为影响当前大学生群体心理健康发展的严重问题,其中某些特殊群体的心理压力问题尤其值得关注。Objective To explore the main sources causing stress among Chinese college students and its distribution. Methods A clustered random sampling method was conducted to perform the questionnaire on psychological stress among 2007 students selected from 13 universities. Results The main sources of psychological stress on college students regarding learning task, college environment ,job-seeking, interpersonal relationship and emotional disorders. 49.3 % of the population experienced mild level of psychological stress,8.4 % belonged to critical groups who experienced higher levels of stress, while 0.3 % experienced severe level of stress. Sophomores and juniors were under more stressful situation than freshmen and senior students,while female students felt more stressful on learning and job-seeking than males. Male students felt more stressful caused by their families, health status, love affairs, social adaptation and frustration than females. Students from countryside were under more stress than those coming from urbans. Students from ordinary universities felt more stressed than those from famous universities and students from western areas were under more stress than those from the coastal areas. Conclusion Stress had become a severe problem influencing the mental health development among college students. The problem needs to be addressed accordingly.

关 键 词：心理压力 大学生 个体自身压力 社会环境压力 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]