东北地区有关水土资源配置生态与环境保护和可持续发展的若干战略问题研究  

Strategic Concern to Land and Water Resources Allocation,Ecology and Environment Protection and Sustainable Development of Northeast China

作　　者：中国工程院"东北水资源"项目组 钱正英[2] 沈国舫[1] 石玉林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程院,北京100038 [2]全国政协

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2006年第5期1-24,共24页Strategic Study of CAE

摘　　要：东北地区包括辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区的东部地区即赤峰市、通辽市、兴安盟和呼伦贝尔市,土地总面积约124×104km2,人口1.19亿。东北地区不仅工业发达,而且有我国最大的林区和最好的草原,也是全国最大的商品粮生产基地。由于长期粗放式的生产经营,部分工农业频临衰竭,环境受到严重损害,主要表现在:可采森林枯竭;很多地方的草地退化、沙化和盐化;耕地的黑土资源严重流失;水质严重污染,河流干枯,地下水超采,湿地大量减少;工矿城市遗留严重的矿山环境问题。振兴东北老工业基地的唯一选择是及时转变经济增长方式,建设资源节约、环境友好型社会。为此,项目组提出了8项战略性建议:土地利用的总体应当是耕地总量不再增加,林、草、湿地不再减少,城市和工矿用地合理控制;开发农业的巨大潜力,建设我国最大的农产品基地;必须进一步采取措施,才能保证东北林业的可持续发展;促进城市化健康发展,合理解决城市的水源危机和煤矿城市的地质灾害;加强地质勘探,提高资源保证程度;将保护水环境,防治水污染作为振兴老工业基地的重大任务;西部地区应节制社会经济用水,保护生态与环境;水资源配置应为人与自然和谐发展创造条件。Northeast China refers to the region including Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern past of inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, i. e. Chifeng City, Tongliao City, Xing＇ an League and Hulun Buir City. Covering an area of 124 × 104 km^2 with a population of 119 million, this region features developed industries, biggest forest zone and best grain base as well. However, the decades-long crude production decline of part of industries and agriculture and the degradation grassland in China. It is the largest commodity and extensive management has resulted in the of environment, such as the exhaustion of the fellable forest; the degeneration, desertification and salinization of grassland; the serious loss of black earth; the pollution of water sesources, the dry up of rivers and the decrease of wetland; the environmental problems in abandoned mining areas. The only choice for reinvigorating the northeast China old industrial base is to change the economic growth pattern timely and build the resource-conservation and environment-friendly society. The author brings forward eight strategic proposals： not increasing the total area of arable land, not decreasing the area of forest, grassland and wetland, and rationally controlling the land for urban and industria/ use; tapping the huge potential of agriculture and building China＇ s largest agricultural product base ; taking further measures to ensure the sustainable development of the forest industry; promoting the urbanization process and properly address urban water resources crisis and preventing geological disasters in coal mine-based cities; enhancing geological prospecting to consolidate the guarantee of resources; protecting water environment and preventing water from pollution; controlling the use of water for socio-economic purpose in the western part of the region so as to protect the ecological environment; rationally allocating water resources to contribute the harmonious development between man and nature.

关 键 词：中国东北地区 水土资源配置 生态与环境保护 可持续发展 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]