三峡库区四条支流藻类多样性评价及“水华”防治  

Assessment of algal diversity and water blooms prevention in four tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：周广杰[1,2] 况琪军[1] 胡征宇[1] 蔡庆华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2006年第3期337-341,共5页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KSCX2-SW-111);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30330140)

摘　　要：应用多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀性指数对长江4条支流水域的藻类多样性进行了评价.比较了4条支流春、秋两季浮游藻类优势种、细胞密度和生物量等指标,对三峡蓄水后库区“水华”成因进行了初步分析.结果表明,4条支流的营养水平均属于中-富营养型,童庄河的水质最差,其次为香溪河和青干河,九畹溪的水质较好.春季硅藻的种类数多,绿藻种类数少;秋季则相反.藻类细胞密度的最高值出现在香溪河(6.036×106个/L),生物量的最高值出现在童庄河(19.997mg/L).2项指标的最低值均出现在九畹溪.在春季,童庄河还出现了拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsissp.)“水华”,并伴有较大量的小环藻(Cyclotellasp.)和卵形隐藻(Cryptomonasovata).三峡库区的水华属于季节性水华,可通过控制外源污染和增加水体流速来控制.The algal diversity of four tributaries of Yangtze River was assessed applying the diversity index, richness index and evenness index. Dominant species, cell densities and biomass of phytoplankton in the four tributaries in spring and autumn were compared and the causes of water blooms in Three Gorges Reservoir after water storage was analyzed preliminarily. The trophic level of the four tributaries were all meso-eutrophic. Under comparing, the water quality of Tongzhuang River was not quite right; the next was Xiangxi River and Qinggan River, and the better was Jiuwan Brook. In spring, the diatom species was much and green algae species was less; and was the opposite in autumn. The highest value of the cell densities appeared in the Xiangxi River （6.036×10^6 cells/L） and that of the biomass appeared in Tongzhuang River （19.997mg/L）. The minimum of these two indexes appeared in Jiuwan Brook. In spring, water blooms of Peridiniopsis sp. appeared in Tongzhuang River, accompanying a great deal of Cyclotella sp. and Cryptomonas ovata. Controlling external source pollution and enhancing current speed were suggested to control the blooms in Three Gorges Reservior, as these blooms belonged to seasonal blooms.

关 键 词：三峡库区 支流 “水华” 多样性指数 丰富度指数 均匀性指数 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]