《华佗传》《曹冲传》疏证——关于陈寅恪运用比较方法的一项检讨  

Textual Research on the Biographies of Huatuo and Cao Chong——A Reflection and Examination on the Comparative Approach Adopted by Chen Yin-koh

作　　者：彭华[1] 

机构地区：[1]宜宾学院社会科学系

出　　处：《史学月刊》2006年第6期77-84,共8页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：《三国志曹冲华佗传与佛教故事》(1930年),是陈寅恪早年运用比较方法、从事比较之学研究所获得的一项成果,其结论和方法在学界有着广泛的影响。但结合早期传世文献与出土文献考察发现:(1)华之称华佗,乃出于其善治“虫”,而非天竺语“agada”之省译;(2)麻沸散的发明权在中国,中国不但古已有之,而且传承有道;(3)华佗事迹有附益先秦文挚之事者,此乃其原型所在,且早于印度神医耆域故事;(4)曹冲称象之法,中国先秦恐已有成例可寻。在从事比较研究时,中外比较固然重要,古今比较亦不可偏废。Biographies of C.aochong and Huatuo in Sanguozhi and Buddhist Stories （1930）resulted from Chen Yin-koh＇s comparative approach in his early research, whose conclusion and method have comprehensive influence on other scholars. However, on the basis of the handed-down materials or the unearthed, the author comes up with four points of view. First, rather than an abbreviated form of the Indian word ＂agada＂, Huatuo, originally named Huafu, was so named just because he was expert at treating vermins in the human body. Second, ＂Ma Fei San＂, an anaesthetic for medical operations, was not only invented in ancient China, but also handed down afterwards. Third, some of Huatuo＇s legends are in fact stories originally about someone named Wen Zhi in Pre-Qin period that are older than the stories of the ancient Indian doctor, Qi Yu（or Sanskrit Jiva or Jivaka）. Fourth, the method used by Cao Chong to weigh up the elephant might find its prototype as early as the time of Pre-Qin period. As a result, the author concludes that, while it is important to conduet eomparative researches in aspects of culture between China and foreign countries, comparative researches between the ancient and the eontemporary should not be neglected.

关 键 词：华佗 曹冲 疏证 陈寅恪 比较方法 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]