五个小麦优异突变体八个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力分析  

HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF EIGHT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN FIVE DISTINCTIVE WHEAT MUTANTS

作　　者：侯广云[1] 井立玲 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院原子能应用研究所

出　　处：《核农学报》1996年第3期133-142,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：本试验选用５个性状各有特色的小麦优异突变体进行完全双列杂交（无反交）。利用１０个组合Ｆ１和５个亲本材料研究了８个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力。Ｆ１显性程度表明：除抽穗期以负向优势为主外，其余７个性状均以正向优势占主导。亲本本身表现与一般配合力效应大小呈显著相关，但一般配合力效应大小与杂种优势的表现并不完全一致。作为种质资源，矮秆突变体８９０３７６对降低后代株高最有利，大粒突变体核生二号最有利于提高后代的千粒重，早熟突变体８９０２３６对提早后代熟期和提高后代单株分蘖力最有效，大穗突变体８９００１８最有利于改善穗长、主穗小穗数、主穗粒数和主穗粒重。综合而言，上述４个小麦优异突变体作为种质资源，对改善后代与其相对应的性状具有重要价值。对有些性状而言，凡是由一般配合力效应较大的亲本配置的组合，其特殊配合力效应一般也较大，但也有不完全一致之处。特殊配合力效应与杂种优势（超中亲优势）大小的相关关系，除单株穗数为显著外，其余７个性状均为极显著。A complete diallel cross(no reciprocal hybrid) was made using 5 wheat mutants with distinctive characters. The heterosis and combining ability of 8 agronomic characters were studied in 10 crosses F 1 and 5 parents. The dominance degree of F 1 indicated that except for the remarkable negative heterosis for heading date, the positive heterosis was remarkable for all the other 7 characters. The performance of parents was significantly related to the gca effects. However, gca effects were not completely consistant with the value of heterosis. As germplasm resources, dwarf stalk mutant 890376 was the best for reducing plant height. A large grain mutant, Hesheng 2, was the best for increasing 1000 grain weight. An early maturity mutant 890236 was the best for earlier heading and tillering ability. A large head mutant 890018 was the best for improving head lenghth, number of spikelets per head, number of grain per head and grain weight per head. To sum up, the above 4 distinctive mutants were very useful for improving the characters corresponding with their mutated characters. For some characters, the cross will have a bigger sca effects if its parents have a bigger gca effects. However, it is not the same for all their characters. Sca effects of crosses were significantly related to the heterosis over mean parent.

关 键 词：小麦 突变体 农艺性状 杂种优势 配合力 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]