铁路曲线钢轨横向凹坑对初始波磨形成的影响  

EFFECTS OF LATERAL DENT ON CURVED RAIL ON RAIL CORRUGATION

作　　者：熊嘉阳[1] 金学松[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室

出　　处：《工程力学》2006年第6期135-141,134,共8页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(59935100);教育部博士点基金(2002063);高等学校全国优秀博士论文作者专项基金(2002048)资助

摘　　要：建立了车辆/轨道横向垂向耦合动力学、轮轨滚动接触力学和钢轨材料摩擦磨损模型为一体的钢轨波磨计算模型,发展了相应的数值方法。利用该方法分析了曲线钢轨顶面内侧具有横向凹坑对初始波磨形成的影响。计算了客车车辆通过钢轨轨头横向凹坑时,同一个转向架的4个车轮反复作用下钢轨初始波磨形成和发展情况。数值结果表明,当车辆通过具有横向凹坑的曲线钢轨时,轮对和钢轨之间发生瞬态冲击振动,引起钢轨接触面产生不均匀磨损而形成初始波磨,随着车辆通过次数增加,不均匀波磨深度加大并向前扩展,形成大约30mm和750mm的波长;当车轮通过横向凹坑瞬间,车轮和钢轨之间发生激烈的振动,使4车轮下的钢轨接触表面产生严重的凹坑磨损,当车辆再次通过时,轮轨间的振动继续加剧,凹坑磨损深度迅速加大;前轮对通过凹坑而受激振动对后轮对动力学行为影响较大,导致后轮对作用下钢轨接触面不均匀磨损严重,但后轮对受激振动对前轮对动力学行为的影响较小;前轮对左轮受外轨激振作用而导致前轮对右轮下钢轨接触面凹坑磨损最严重。A model for rail corrugation calculation is proposed. The model is based on a combination of the Non-Hertzian rolling contact theory of wheel/rail systems, the rail material wearing model and the coupling dynamics of vehicle/rail-track in the vertical and lateral directions. A corresponding numerical method is developed. The effects of a lateral dent on highly curved rails on the initiation and development of rail corrugation with an increase in passenger car passage are analyzed. The corrugations on the rails under the 4 wheels of the same bogie when a car passes through the lateral dent are calculated. It is found that instant impact vibrations occur between the wheels and the rails when the passenger car passes through the curved rail with lateral dent, which causes undulatory wear and initiates corrugations on the rail surfaces. The initial corrugations extend along the rail surfaces and their wave-depth increases quickly with more car passage. Wear dents form on the rail surfaces under the 4 wheels in the vertical direction due to the impacts between the wheels and rails. The impact between the front wheels and the rails caused by the dents, causes a fierce impact between the hind wheels and the rails, leading to deeper wear dents on the rail. But the impact between the hind wheels and rails affects the dynamic performance of the front wheels only slightly.

关 键 词：钢轨凹坑 冲击振动 滚动接触 材料磨损 车辆轨道动力学 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] O343.3[理学—固体力学]