长江口浮游动物生态分布特征及其与环境的关系  

Ecological distribution characteristics of zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the Changjiang River estuary

作　　者：纪焕红[1] 叶属峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海200137

出　　处：《海洋科学》2006年第6期23-30,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金资助项目(2002109)

摘　　要：采用2002年8月监测资料,对长江口海域的浮游动物生态分布特征(种类组成、群落结构及多样性等)分四个区域进行了分析,并探讨了浮游动物个体数、生物量分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游动物74种,桡足类28种,水母类7种,毛颚类6种,另外还鉴定出多种浮游虾类和浮游幼体。长江口外海区浮游动物种类最多,为55种,长江口混合区其次,为42种,长江口南支和南汇嘴附近海域种类较少,分别为11种和13种。长江口南支和南汇嘴附近海域优势种类为火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)和虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus),长江口混合区为背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta),而中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)为长江口外海区的优势种类。浮游动物个体数大小为:长江口南支<长江口混合区<长江口外海区<南汇嘴;而生物量高低依次为:长江口外海区>长江口混合区>南汇嘴>长江口南支。长江口外浮游动物种类丰富,多样性指数较高,均匀度较好。经相关分析结果表明,浮游动物个体数与生物量存在明显的正相关,个体数与Hg呈正相关,与化学需氧量呈负相关;生物量与盐度、酸碱度、叶绿素a呈正相关,与溶解氧、化学需氧量、活性磷酸盐、无机氮表现为负相关。Based on the data in August 2002, the ecological characteristics of zooplankton in ihe Changjiang River estuary, such as species composition, community structure and diversity, were analyzed by subregional sea areas, and the correlation between individuals and environmental factors was discussed at the same time in this paper. The results showed that 74 species in total were identified. The zooplankton community is composed of 28 species copepod, 7 species of medusae, 6 species of chaetognatha, and a few of Planktonic shrimps and Planktonic larvae. There were 55 species in the outer sea zone of the Changjiang River estuary, 42 species in blended area, 11 species in south branch and 13 in Nanhui mouth. Schmackeria poplesia and Tortanus vermiculus were dominant in south branch and Nanhui mouth. The dominants of blended area were Labidocera euchaeta and Centropages dorsispinatus. Calanus sinicus and Sagitta en flata were main species in outer sea area. The individual number in turn was： south branch〈 blended area 〈 outer sea area 〈 Nanhui mouth, and biomass was： outer sea area 〉 blended area 〉 Nanhui mouth 〉 south branch. The species of outer sea area was abundant, diversity index （H^1） was high, and evenness index was good. The individual was very positively correlated to biomass, Hg, and negatively correlated to the COD; The biomass was positively correlated to salinity, pH, Chla, and negatively correlated to DO, COD, PO4-P, IN.

关 键 词：长江口 浮游动物 生态分布特征 环境 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]