氮输入对沼泽湿地碳平衡的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Carbon Balance in the Freshwater Marshes

作　　者：张丽华[1] 宋长春 王德宣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《环境科学》2006年第7期1257-1263,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40471124);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-01;KZCX3-SW-332)

摘　　要：以小叶章沼泽化草甸为对象,利用静态箱-气相色谱法,在三江平原进行野外原位试验,研究氮输入对沼泽湿地碳平衡及其各分量的影响.氮素输入后,沼泽湿地生态系统总初级生产力提高,生物量增大,分别比对照处理增加了10%和26.8%.同时,CH4和生态系统呼吸CO2排放量提高,而生态系统CO2净交换(NEE)和净碳(CO2和CH4都转化成对应的碳)交换降低,CO2、CH4和NEE的季节变化动态未改变.2004年整个生长季氮输入处理的CO2和CH4排放量分别比对照处理升高了34%和145%,NEE和净碳交换分别降低了70%和81.6%,但整个生长季2个处理仍然表现为碳的净吸收.氮输入没有改变沼泽湿地碳“汇”的功能,只是减弱了其作为碳“汇”的功能.To understand the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the carbon balance in the freshwater marshes, we measured the CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as net ecosystem exchange （NEE） of CO2 using the static chamber and gas chromatogram technique in situ over Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain. Results from the field observed indicated that fertilization increased the biomass and gross primary productivity （GPP） as well as the CO2 and CH4 emissions, while decreased the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 but not change the seasonal dynamics of CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as the NEE. Seasonal amount of CO2 and CH4 emission from the fertilization was respectively 34% and 145% higher than that from the control, while the NEE and net carbon exchange decreased 70 % and 81.6 % due to the nitrogen fertilization. During the whole growing season of 2004 the ecosystem still showed the net uptake of the carbon not only in the fertilization treatment but also control. Thus, it can be assumed that nitrogen fertilization decreased the net carbon uptake from the atmosphere but not changed the ecosystem from a carbon sink to a source.

关 键 词：氮输入 沼泽湿地 生态系统净交换 CH4和CO2排放 碳平衡 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]