成都市大中学生社交焦虑障碍患病率及发病影响因素分析  

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Social Anxiety Disorder in High Schools and Universities in Chengdu

作　　者：肖融[1] 吴薇莉[2] 胡峻梅[3] 邱昌建[1] 王强[1] 魏庚[1] 孙锦华[1] 杨闯[1] 宋萍[1] 叶安红[3] 张伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心,成都610041 [2]西华大学心理咨询中心 [3]四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院

出　　处：《四川大学学报（医学版）》2006年第4期636-640,共5页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

摘　　要：目的了解成都地区大中学生社交焦虑障碍时点患病率,并探讨大中学生社交焦虑障碍的发病影响因素。方法按最优分配分层整群抽样抽出成都地区2279名大中学生,由经过培训及一致性检验的精神科医生根据SC ID进行一对一问诊确诊。确诊为社交焦虑障碍中的愿合作患者(n=156)及其配比者(n=156)完成父母教养方式评价量表(EM BU)、状态特质焦虑问卷(STA I)、负向评价恐惧量表(FNE)和防御方式问卷(DSQ)。结果2279名成都地区大中学生中患社交焦虑障碍者179名,其中女性88名,男性91名。经过配对秩和检验发现患者组与配比组在生长地(P=0.049)、家庭经济水平(P=0.000)、父母教养方式、状态特质焦虑、负向评价恐惧、防御机制、精神疾病阳性家族史(P=0.001)七方面存在的差异有统计学意义。结论加权法计算成都地区大中学生社交焦虑障碍总患病率为8.15%,女性患病率为8.35%,男性患病率为7.62%。可能的发病影响因素有:生长地为农村;家庭经济水平较低;父母教养方式为抑制性;有焦虑特质;有负向评价恐惧;更多使用不成熟防御和中间型防御机制而更少使用成熟的防御机制;有精神疾病阳性家族史。Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of social anxiety disorder （SAD） in high schools and universities in Chengdu. Methods 2279 students in Chengdu sampled by optimum distributing delaminating grouping method were interviewed one-to-one by the trained psychiatrists according to SCID. Both the cooperated SAD patients （n=156） and the normal counterparts （NC, n=156） in the 2279 students completed Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU）, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI-Form Y）, Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale （FNE） and Defense Style Questionnaire （DSQ）. Results There were 179 SAD patients, 88 female ones and 91 male ones, in the 2279 students of the high schools and universities in Chengdu. Statistical analysis reveals that the SAD patients differ from the NC in seven aspects, i.e. growing circumstances （P=0.049）, family economical status （P=0.000）, family history of psychiatric disorder, scales of EMBU, STAI, FNE and DSQ. Conclusion The total prevalence of SAD in the students of high schools and universities in Chengdu was 8.15%, the female prevalence 8.35%, and the male prevalence 7.62%. The possible risk factors were, growing up in the countryside, low family economic state, parental rearing pattern being deficient in emotional warmth, understanding, trust and encouragement but excessive in refuse, denial and overprotection, having anxiety trait, feeling fear of negative evaluation, more likely to use neurotic and immature defense mechanism while less likely to use mature defense mechanism, having positive family mental disorder history.

关 键 词：社交焦虑障碍 患病率 发病影响因素 父母养育方式 焦虑 负向评价恐惧 防御机制 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]