人工湿地中植物的作用  

Functions of Plants of Constructed Wetlands

作　　者：张洪刚[1] 洪剑明[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100037

出　　处：《湿地科学》2006年第2期146-154,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：北京市教育委员会资助项目(KM200510028009)资助

摘　　要：近20 a来,人工湿地系统由于具有独特的净化机理和功能而越来越多地被用于处理生活污水、工业废水和农业污水。人工湿地系统之所以受到国际上广泛的关注,这是由于它具有低能耗,低成本,运行费用少和操作简便等优势。湿地植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用,不但可以直接摄取和利用污水中的营养物质、吸收富集污水中的重金属等有毒有害物质;而且还能输送氧气到根区,提供根区微生物生长、繁殖和降解过程中对氧的需求。通过详细阐述植物对水中营养元素的吸收作用,说明了植物在人工湿地处理污水中的重要性,并提出了一些改进人工湿地处理污水能力的设想以及人工湿地系统水生植物有待进一步研究的问题,研究结果可以为进一步优化人工湿地系统的设计提供参考。Over the last two decades, constructed wetland systems have been increasingly used to treat domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and agricultural runoff because they have particular mechanism and function in treatment of wastewater. Wetland treament process has been gaining international interests and applications due to its low -energy cost, low maintenance and operational cost, and high removal capacity. The advantages of constructed wetland also include correspondingly low investment, multiformity and pertinence of treatment systems, efficient purification capability and especial environment function. They are suitable for China , especiably for the rural areas and small cities. Constructed wetland system is an ecoligical technique by using natural purifying functions of soil, vegetation and microorganisms. Constructed wetlands remove wastwater N and P by precipitation, soil adsorption, plant uptake with organic matter accumulation, and microbial immobilization. This paper provided a brief review on the definition, composition, design, mechanism of sewage disposal and the application of constructed wetlands. At the same time, the paper specified various factors and restrain conditions affecting purification efficiency and discussed the interrelations among them. As far as the design of a constructed wetland, a simple criteria, guidelines and models shoud be established for constructed wetland selection and preliminary sizing. The analysis employs models for constructed wetland design, considering simultaneously the removal requirements and the hydraulics of the system. On the basis of flowing model constructed wetland can be classified three types： surface flow constructed wetland, subsurface flow constructed wetland and vertical flow constructed wetland. Aquatic plants have an important functions in the ecological restoration of a polluted water body . With these functions the water body returned to ecologic balance, and biological diversity was improved greatly. The community of aquatic plants can be di

关 键 词：人工湿地 湿地植物 污水处理 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]