汽车模拟碰撞吸能器的仿真分析及试验  

Simulation and test on energy absorber for sled impact test

作　　者：葛如海[1] 穆青[1] 陈晓东[1] 商恩义 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]跃进汽车集团公司,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第4期324-327,共4页Journal of Jiangsu University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省高校自然科学基金资助项目(03KJB580024)

摘　　要：介绍了自行设计的汽车模拟碰撞吸能器的特点及原理,利用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件对吸能器的波形复现原理进行了仿真分析.利用销柱间钢筋预变形产生阻尼力,改变钢筋的属性并调节钢筋的类型、数量、长度和位置,改变钢筋预变形量,复现出不同车重、不同碰撞车速所期望的减速度波形.通过仿真分析,对汽车碰撞模拟吸能器进行了改进:减小钢筋直径;钢筋预变形量做成可调式,根据需要调节预变形量.在达到同等阻尼效果时通过增加钢筋根数,提高了系统的微调能力和模拟波形的精度.仿真与试验结果的比较表明:汽车模拟碰撞吸能器仿真模型复现的波形和吸能器碰撞的试验波形吻合较好,验证了吸能器仿真模型的正确性,为吸能器的优化提供了依据,缩短了调试时间,提高了波形复现的精度.The characteristic and principle of steel bar type energy absorber are introduced, and the wave form reappeared principle of the energy absorber is simulated by LS-DYNA. By using damping force between steel and columniation after pre-deformation, adjusting the type, quantity, length and position of the steel bar, and changing pre-deforrnation of the steel bars, all kinds of deceleration curves can be repeated. By simulation analysis, some improvement in steel bar type energy absorber are made, such as： reduce the diameter of the steel bars ; make steel bar＇s pre-deformation adjustable and regulate the pre-deformation as requirement. The objective of increasing the steel bar＇s number, achieving the same damping effect, and improving the tiny adjusting ability and the precision of simulating wave are all realized. Comparing simulation result with test result, it is found that the simulation wave form agrees with the test wave form for energy absorber＇s impact. By the test results the simulation model of energy absorber was validated. The method can be applied to debugging and optimizing the energy absorber. It saves time of debugging and improves the precision of wave form.

关 键 词：汽车 吸能器 台车碰撞试验 仿真 有限元分析 波形复现 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]