中国外来入侵植物的分布格局及其与环境因子和人类活动的关系  

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS IN CHINA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL FACTORS

作　　者：吴晓雯[1] 罗晶[1] 陈家宽[1] 李博[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2006年第4期576-584,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170155)

摘　　要：认识区域尺度上外来入侵植物的分布格局及其成因对预测入侵的影响和入侵种的管理具有重要意义。该文采用聚类分析和排序的方法分析了我国外来入侵植物的空间格局,并利用多元线性逐步回归和典范对应分析探讨了自然环境因子和人类活动强度对中国32个省级空间单位(省市自治区,不包括香港和澳门)中外来入侵植物分布的影响。结果表明,中国各省外来入侵植物物种数从南到北逐渐减少,导致这一格局的主要因子为无霜期;各省外来入侵植物物种密度由东南海岸向内陆递减,造成这一趋势的主要影响因素为交通密度;纬度是解释中国各省外来入侵植物物种组成变异的主要因子,因此中国32个省区可归为低、中、高纬度区3大类型。在此基础上预测中国东南部地区有遭受更多外来植物入侵的可能;此外,交通发达的区域也将成为外来植物入侵的热点区,应该引起有关部门的重视。Background and Aims Biological invasions, one of the three most pressing environmental problems, is an important component of global change and causes considerable environmental damage and economic losses to the invaded regions. Although China is a country heavily infested with invasive alien plants, factors influencing regional spatial patterns of these species are largely unknown. Methods In order to explore the relationship between spatial patterns of invasive alien plants and environmental and anthropological factors, this study used multiple stepwise regression and canonical correspondence analysis to determine the effects of seven environmental variables （including area, latitude, longitude, mean temperature in January, mean temperature in July, annual precipitation, frost - free days） and seven anthropological factors （including number of foreign tourists, GDP, transport density, value of imported goods, area of nature conserve, rate of nature conserve, population density） on the number, density and spatial distribution of invasive alien plants in 32 provinces of China. Key Results It was found that the number of invasive alien plant species decreased from the south to the north, which was largely determined by the frost - free days. The density of invasive plant species declined from the southeast coast inland to the northwest, which was best explained by transport density. In addition, about 50% of the variation in invasive alien species composition across provinces was accounted for by latitude. Conclusions Our results suggest that both natural conditions and anthropological factors play important roles in shaping the pattems of plant invasions in China. These findings may help to understand ecosystem invasibility, and predict plant invasions on a regional scale, and hence have important implications for the management of invasive species.

关 键 词：交通密度 空间格局 人类活动 纬度 无霜期 植物入侵 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]