北京城市空气细菌群落结构与动态变化特征  

Community composition and dynamics of airborne bacteria in Beijing

作　　者：方治国[1] 欧阳志云[1] 赵景柱[1] 王效科[1] 郑华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《微生物学报》2006年第4期618-623,共6页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-424)~~

摘　　要：在北京市选择3个典型的功能区，通过定点系统取样，运用BIOLOG鉴定技术，着重研究了北京城市空气细菌的群落结构与动态变化特征。结果表明：北京市空气中革兰氏阳性菌明显多于革兰氏阴性菌，约占80％～85％，其中阳性球菌占总数的50％～55％。不同功能区共发现47属空气细菌，其中革兰氏阳性菌31属，革兰氏阴性菌16属。优势菌属依次为微球菌属（Micrococcus）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、棒杆菌属（Corynebacterium）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas），它们总和约占50％。在优势菌属中，微球菌属约占总数的20％～30％，是北京市空气中比例最大的菌属，假单胞菌属约占2．5％～5．0％。文教区和交通干线细菌浓度明显高于公园绿地（P〈0．01）；并且文教区和交通干线空气细菌浓度四季变化特征显著，夏季和秋季较高，春季和冬季较低，公园绿地空气细菌浓度四季没有显著差异；3个功能区13：00时的细菌浓度明显低于9：00时和17：00。Airborne bacteria are important biological components of the aerosol. They have a close relation with human health. The much higher concentrations can result in kinds of microbial disease. Using BIOLOG identification technology, the study on the community structure and dynamics of airborne bacteria was carried out in three typical functional areas in Beijing by systemic site sampling. Results show that the gram positive bacteria contributing 80% - 85% were much more than the gram negative bacteria. Amongst 47 genera of bacteria including 31 Gram positive bacteria and 16 Gram negative bacteria, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas were dominant, and Micrococcus contributing 20% - 30% was the most dominant genus. The concentration of airborne bacteria was significant lower in GGR than in CER and MTL. In a year, the bacterial concentrations of summer and autumn were much more than those of winter and spring in CER and MTL, and there were no significant variations of bacterial concentrations in GGR. In different periods, the lower concentration of airborne bacteria was exhibited at 13：00.

关 键 词：细菌气溶胶 BIOLOG 优势菌属 功能区 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]