专用型油玉米种质创新研究  

Studies on Breeding of Oil Corn Germplasm of Special Use

作　　者：吴子恺[1] 郝小琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《种子》2006年第8期22-26,共5页Seed

基　　金：教育部高等学校博士学科专项科研基金(2004059004);广西大学重点科研项目(2003ZD02)

摘　　要：经22代选育,已获得一些微胚乳(胚/籽粒重≥0.4)超高油(含油率≥20%)玉米自交系,旨在从这些自交系中选择一种新型的油玉米。微胚乳玉米的粒重,含油率和胚/籽粒重比都存在广泛的变异,到目前已经选到籽粒含油率为32.54%、百粒重为12.0 g的品系。研究结果表明,微胚乳超高油玉米的粒重和含油率的遗传力都较高,且含油率的更高于百粒重的。这两个性状间相关不显著,所以这两个性状可以被同时改良。可用这些品系的整粒玉米直接榨出玉米油,直榨玉米油的油酸和亚油酸以及VE的含量都高于市场上所购买的、经脱胚后用浸提法提取的玉米油。虽然目前微胚乳玉米的籽粒产量很低,但只要它的产量接近或甚至略低于一些油料作物,如油菜、大豆等,就可以在生产中应用,这是因为玉米油的食用品质优于其它许多植物油。Some lines of the micro-endosperm （ embryo/grain weight ≥0.4 ） super-high oil （ oil percentage ≥20% ） com had been selected during the breeding of 22 generations. The ultimate aim of the research is to breed a new kind of oil com. The wide-ranging variations of the grain weight, oil percentage and embryo/grain weight were found in the micro-endosperm super-high oil corn. The grain of 32.54% oil percentage and the line of 12.0 g 100-grain weight had been selected up to now. The study results showed that the heritabilities of the 100-grain weight and oil percentage in micro-endosperm super-high oil corn were all high, and that of oil percentage was higher than grain weight. The correlation between those two characteristics was not significant. So the two characters can be improved at the same time. The corn oil had been extracted directly from the whole grain. The content of oleic and, linoleic acids and vitamin E in this kind of corn oil is higher than the commodity corn oil sold in the market ,which belongs in maceration extract from the embryo peeled off whole grain. Though the grain yield of micro-endosperm corn is low at present, it will still be applied in production, as long as its yield is about equal to or even a little low to some oil corps, such as rape and soybean, because the edible quality of corn oil is better than some other edible vegetable oil. Therefore it shows that it is possible to breed successfully the oil corn in the near future.

关 键 词：油玉米 微胚乳 超高油 粒重 含油率 育种 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]