从语义基元的视角比较Wierzbicka与Jackendoff的语义学理论——波兰语义学派研究之三  

A Comparison of the Semantic Theories of Wierzbicka and Jackendoff from Perspective of Semantic Primitives

作　　者：李炯英[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《外语教学》2006年第5期16-18,共3页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目"面向信息处理的现代汉语元语言系统研究"(02BYY030)的成果之一

摘　　要：W ierzb icka是波兰语义学派代表,创立了自然语义元语言理论;Jackendoff为认知语义学派代表,提出了概念结构理论。本文从语义基元的视角比较了这两种语义学理论。文章指出,尽管这两种理论都致力于探询语义基元,但仍存在着许多根本性差异:1)Jackendoff的概念结构利用技术术语或逻辑符号来表征,因而是一种抽象的元语言,涉及复杂的结构式解码,而W ierzb icka的语义基元都是自然语言中简明清晰、不可界定的日常词语;2)W ierzb icka依据跨语言研究的实证语料来确立语义基元,而Jackendoff的研究方法并不依赖于实证研究;3)W ierzb icka的语义基元具有普遍性和可验证性,适用于所有自然语言,而Jackendoff的概念基元系统则不具备这一特征。This paper explores the similarities and differences between the semantic theories of Wierzbicka＇s Natural Semantic Metalanguage （NSM） and Jackendoff＇s Conceptual Structure from perspective of semantic primitives. Despite the fact that both theories are dedicated to the identifying of semantic primitives, there exist three fundamental differences： 1） Jackendoff＇s conceptual structure, represented by technical terms, abstract features, or logical symbols, is an abstract metalanguage involving the decoding of the complicated formula into plain language, while Wierzbicka＇s semantic primitives are all represented by simple, indefinable and intuitively clear everyday words; 2） Wierzbicka＇s approach is based directly on empirical evidence through cross-linguistic investigations, while Jackendoff＇s approach is far less empirical; and 3） Wierzbicka＇s NSM primitives are universal and testable and, therefore, can manifest themselves equally in all natural languages, while Jackendoff＇s conceptual primitives don＇t possess such a feature.

关 键 词：语义基元 概念结构 自然语义元语言 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]