粘性泥石流一维运动数学模型  

ONE DIMENSION MODEL OF MOVEMENT OF DEBRIS FLOW

作　　者：章书成[1,2,3,4] 陈英燕[1,2,3,4] 袁晓凤[1,2,3,4] 叶明富 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院 [2]水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 [3]中国科学院东川泥石流观测研究站 [4]中国科学院成都计算机应用研究所数理科学中心

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》1996年第4期68-76,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：粘性泥石流是指自然界中最典型的一种泥石流。作者依据野外原型观测和室内实验，证实该类流体具有带流核的层流特征并可用宾汉（Ｂｉｎｇｈａｍ）模型来表达。在此基础上推导其阻力和平均流速计算方法。我们认为，粘性泥石流作为不可压缩连续介质流体，符合质量、动量守恒律，因此可采用纳维－斯托克斯方程组来表达。考虑到它为拟线性双曲型偏微分方程组和阻力参数等特点，应用Ｌａｘ－Ｆｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈｓ差分格式，选用云南东川蒋家沟的原型观测资料作为边、初值条件，编制计算机程序及数据库，而获得粘性泥石流水深、流速等要素的时空变化规律。The research on the mathematical model of movement of debris flow includes basic behaviours of fluid(rheological properties,flow pattern,and flow regimes etc),basic kinematic equations and its numerical solving method.The object of our research program is visco plastic debris flow.Five set data obtained from prototype observation and flume experiments at Jiangjia Ravine,China,Toutle River,USA,University of California,Davis,and Swizeland,etc,are used to analysis fluid characteristics.Based on the phenomena and analysis we think that the visco plastic debris flow posseses laminar behaviour with rigid plug.In our research,the fluid is simplified into single phase fluid,i.e. the collision between grains and their exchange of momentum will be neglected.Therefore,we affirm that visco plastic debris flow can be expressed by Bingham Model.According to the constitutive relation of Bingham,the fluid resistance and the theoretical calculation equation of mean velocity are obtained.The equation and its simplified method are good calibratied by the data from prototype observation at Jiangjia Ravine and flume experiment at University of California,Davis.Three ways of calculating rheological parameters were introduced in this report.We find that the data from SHL 1 rheometer,at Jiangjia Ravine can be used for viscous plastic debris flow in our model.It is emphasized that viscous debris flow is a continuous and unpressure fluid,it can be expressed by Eqs of Navier Stoeks which is a non linear bicurve partial differential equations. Lax Friedrichs form of difference method is chosen for solving the equations.Some softwares were developed in our research which including pre treatment,calculation and post treatment.The softwares data are from prototype or experiment in flume for mathematical model.As calculating samples,two groups of prototype data from Jiangjia Ravine,in 1991 and 1994 were used in model.We know some laws from these results,for example,the velocity behind the front of wave is larger than the surges,the sh

关 键 词：粘性泥石流 数学模型 宾汉模型 泥石流 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]