狗心脏瓣膜、梳状肌、不同动脉段及静脉内皮细胞的形态学特征  

The Morphological Features of Endothelial Cells in Cardiac Valves, Pectinate Muscles, Different Arteries and Vein Segments in a Dog

作　　者：李炳宪[1] 张红旗[2] 王克强[3] 葛均波[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南省鹤壁职业技术学院人体解剖学教研室,河南鹤壁458030 [2]新乡医学院人体解剖学教研室,河南新乡453003 [3]复旦大学附属中山医院心血管病研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《中国临床医学》2006年第4期519-521,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000056903)

摘　　要：目的:观察狗心脏瓣膜、梳状肌、不同动脉段及静脉内皮细胞的形态学特征,为狗血管的临床和实验研究提供资料。方法:健康成年狗麻醉后,常规灌注固定,取出心脏二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣、左右心房梳状肌、不同的动脉段和下腔静脉等,用扫描电镜观察。结果:在不同动脉段内皮细胞一般呈梭形,核区较隆起,长轴与血流的方向一致,有时可见桥样结构,但在不同的动脉段细胞隆凸程度不同。在二尖瓣与三尖瓣,细胞多呈圆形或卵圆形,其瓣膜下面的细胞排列较上面的细胞极性明显;在左、右心房的梳状肌,细胞多呈长方形,排列较规则;在下腔静脉,细胞呈圆形,卵圆形或不规则形,极性不明显,有少量低矮的微绒毛。在主动脉弓细胞形态多样。结论:内皮细胞的形态、排列、微绒毛的长度和密度,桥样结构的多少等均随部位的不同而有差异,切应力可能是造成这些差异的重要因素。不同种属的动物的同一部位,其细胞形态也有差别。Objective：To investigate the morphological features of endothelial cells（ECs） in cardiac valves, pectinate muscles, different arteries and vein segments in dog and provide data for experimental and clinical research of rabbit. Methods： After the adult healthy dogs are anesthetized, the animals were perfused and fixed. The bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, pectinate muscles of left and right atrium,different arterial segments and inferior vena cava were removed out and observed under the scanning electron microscope. Results： In general, the ECs in different arterial segments were fusiform, their long axis were consistent with the direction of the blood flow. The ECs nuclear area minimally extrude to the lumen. In some place, an bridge-like structure was observed. In bicuspid and tricuspid valve, ECs were round or ovary,the ECs of lower surface of these valves were more apparent polarity than that of upper surface of the valve. The ECs appeared rectangle and arrange in regular,in pectinate muscles of left and right atrium, In inferior vena cava, ECs looked like round, ovary or irregular shape,without apparent polarity but with a few short microvilli. The ECs of aortic arch were with different shape. Conclusion： The size and range of ECs, the length and density of microvilli, the number of bridge-like structure are different from the location. Shear stress may be one of major causes leading to these difference. The ECs of the same location of different kinds of animals may be different.

关 键 词：狗 血管 心脏瓣膜 内皮细胞 形态学 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：R322.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]