西安市气候变暖与城市热岛效应问题研究  

Research on Climate Warming and Urban Heat Island in Xi'an

作　　者：田武文[1] 黄祖英[1] 胡春娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象台,西安710015

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2006年第4期438-443,共6页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家"973"预研究项目"干旱半干旱地区的环境动力机制重大理论基础研究";陕西省气象局课题"区域气候模式在陕西省的应用研究及开发"共同资助

摘　　要：选取1961—2003年西安站和周围4站月平均气温资料,利用西安站与周围4站气温距平滑动平均变化趋势的差异,发现该站平均气温有两个明显的上升期,热岛效应使西安站平均升温1.07℃,并建立了西安市城市热岛效应模型。在此基础上分离了气候变暖过程中由于城市热岛效应引起的增温作用。The length of meteorological records in most weather stations over China is less than 50 years. To do researches on the climate variation on time scale of a hundred years, stations selected are those mainly centralize in big cities with longer records. The fastest growing period of global warming is exactly the rapid city expansion time in China, during which the farmland around the weather stations turned into cities. The urban heat island could lead to the rising temperature, so the variation of temperature in cities is the jointly affected result of urban heat island and climate change. In order to analyze the contributions of each, mean monthly temperature anomaly from 1961 to 2003 in Xi＇an （city） and 4 stations around （town） are selected to do contrast analysis. That is to say, the contribution of urban heat island in Xi＇an is analyzed on the assumption that it only exists in Xi＇an station. Result shows that the average value of mean monthly temperature anomaly from 2000 to 2003 increases 1.55 ℃ more than that from 1961 to 1972, and the average value of the other 4 stations at the same time only increases 0.48 ℃. It indicates that the warming mainly results from the urban heat island, and the climate change warming is minor in Xi＇an. In the process of warming, obvious difference between Xi＇an and the other 4 stations mainly exists in two periods. It can be reflected perfectly in the moving average curve （36 samples） of mean monthly temperature anomaly distributed according to the time. According to the investigation on urban construction, the two periods are consistent with the time of rapid city expanding towards the meteorological stations. The urban heat island model in Xi＇ an based on the analysis above is set up, and the cause of the increasing temperature in Xi＇an is separated into the city urban heat island and the climate variation respectively. Increasing temperature in Xi＇an aroused by urban heat island is 1.07℃, and that by climate variation is 0.48 ℃. Balance b

关 键 词：气候变化 热岛效应 增温作用 全球变暖 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]