中国干旱区生态战略再思考  

Reconsideration about the Ecological Strategy in Arid Areas in China

作　　者：张百平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2006年第3期381-383,共3页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院"西部之光"(2004)项目资助

摘　　要：我国生态建设以部门工程性措施和基于林业的政策为主,虽取得了一定的成绩,但是却存在比较严重的问题。地理地带性是自然界的基本规律,表示植被与环境具有高度的区域共轭性和动态稳定性,是生态恢复必须遵循的基本原则。生态恢复是综合性和区域性很强的复杂系统工程,部门生态工程在理念、战略、制度和政策上都存在不足,难以应对该复杂系统;沙漠内外情况差异很大,需要区别对待,沙漠内部表现相对稳定,而外围的生态退化应是治理的重点;干旱荒漠区地广人稀,易于实施生态移民,促使退化环境的自我修复;建议研究和建立“阿拉善国家生态特区”,赋予特殊国家政策,为我国西部特别是干旱区探索生态与经济协调发展的新模式,有助于实现我国从部门工程性生态战略向区域性综合生态战略的转变。The area of arid regions in China is as large as 2.5 × 10^6 km^2 and occupies more than one fourth of the total land area. Ecological status in arid regions not only relates to the environment and sustainable development in these regions, but also affects the environment in east China. A correct ecological strategy is the core and foundation of ensuring the state ecological security. The policy of ecological construction in China is dominated by the engineering measures and the forestry development, some achievements have been achieved, but there are also some serious problems. Geographical zonality is the basic laws of nature, it reflects the high conjugacy and dynamic stability of vegetation and environment, and it must be followed in ecological construction. Ecological construction is a synthetic, regional and complicated systematical project, and it is difficult to deal with such complicated systematical project due to some deficiencies in concept, strategy, system and policy about ecological construction. The natural conditions in deserts are quite different from that in their peripheral regions, the natural conditions in deserts are relatively stable, but the ecological degeneration in their peripheral regions should be specially emphasized in ecological constrhction. Arid deserts are sparsely populated, so it is easy to implement migration so as to restore the degenerated environment. Therefore, it is suggested to research and develop the ＂Alxa State Ecological Special District＂ by implementing some special state policies so as to explore a new mode of harmonious ecological-economic development, which will be advantageous for shifting the engineering ecological strategy towards the regional synthetic ecological strategy.

关 键 词：干旱区 地理地带性 生态战略 国家生态特区 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]