依据回声定位声波参数判别同域栖息的蝙蝠种类  

Identification of bat species inhabiting the same area by analyzing the echolocation call

作　　者：孙克萍[1] 冯江[1] 金龙如[2] 刘颖[1] 姜云垒[3] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学环境科学与工程系,吉林长春130024 [2]中国科学院沈阳生态研究所 [3]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2006年第3期109-114,共6页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30370261;30570311);新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-04-0309);教育部重点项目(104257);吉林省杰出青年基金资助项目(20030114)

摘　　要：利用超声波监听仪(D 980)在同一研究区域内记录到5种蝙蝠63个个体自然飞行状态下回声定位的叫声138次.依据声谱图可分为(FM/)CF/FM型(马铁菊头蝠Rhinolo-phus ferrumequinum)和FM型(绯鼠耳蝠Myotis formosus、伊氏鼠耳蝠Myotis ikonnikovi、水鼠耳蝠Myotis daubentoni和白腹管鼻蝠Murina leucogaster).马铁菊头蝠的声波能够比较容易地从5个种类中辨别出来.采用逐步判别分析方法对其他4种蝙蝠回声定位声波的6个参数进行了判别,结果显示,蝙蝠种类判别正确率为84.1%.表明回声定位声波参数在蝙蝠种类识别中具有重要作用,可用于检验研究区域内依据体型鉴定蝙蝠种类的准确度,也可为预测蝙蝠对生境的利用方式提供依据.138 echolocation calls of 63 free - flying syrnpatric individuals of five bat species were reoorded （by ultrasonic bat detector （D 980）） and analyzed in the area of the Zhi＇an village of Ji＇an city in Jilin province,China. Aeeording to the frequency- time spectra,these ealls were eategorized into 2 types： （FM）/ CF/FM （Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ） and FM （Myotis formosus, Myotis ikonnikovi, Myotis daubentoni and Murina leucogaster）. Sonograms of the calls of R. ferrumequinum could easily be distinguished from those of all other species. For the remaining ealls, six echolocation ealls parameters including eall frequency, duration and inter- eall interval were examined using a stepwise diseriminant analysis. The results showed that 84.1% of calls were correctly classified to species which indicated that the parameters of echolocation ealls played an important role in identifying bat species. The results can be used both to test the accuracy of general predictions based on bats＇ morphology in the same forest, and provide essential information for assessing patterns of habitat use in the field.

关 键 词：蝙蝠 回声定位叫声 种类识别 判别分析 

分 类 号：Q959.833[生物学—动物学]