铁路路基病害无损检测车载探地雷达系统研制及应用  

Manufacture and Application of the On-Board Ground Penetrating Radar for Non-Invasive Inspection of Railway Subgrade Defects

作　　者：郭秀军[1] 韩宇[2] 孟庆生[1] 郭建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266003 [2]济南铁路局淄博工务段,山东淄博255021

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2006年第5期139-144,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40104004);济南铁路局淄博工务段专项资金资助项目(20041228)

摘　　要：针对铁路路基病害进行快速、无损、连续检测的需求,根据探地雷达探测原理,研制铁路路基病害无损检测车载探地雷达系统。该系统由轨道车、收发一体天线、采集仪、电池和测量轮组成。轨道车速为40km.h-1时,可沿铁路走向实现间隔0.17 m的连续采样测量。车速越慢,横向测量间隔越小,探测分辨率越高。选用500 MHz天线进行探测时,深度方向探测分辨率可达0.1 m。利用研制的雷达系统沿铁路走向在轨枕正上方和路肩区的现场检测结果表明:来自钢轨的连续反射信号和轨枕的多次反射信号,压制路基基床的有效反射信号,使探测剖面信噪比大大降低,但经预测反褶积和带通滤波去噪处理后,剖面信噪比明显提高。对胶济铁路病害区的实测结果表明,该系统对路基病害分布和空间形态具有良好的探测能力。In order to meet the demand of quick, non-invasive and continuous inspection of railway subgrade defects, and based on GPR detection system, the on-board Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） system is developed and manufactured for non-invasive inspection of railway subgrade defects. The designed GPR system consists of track car, transmitting and receiving antenna, sampling machine, battery and measuring wheel. When the track car is running at the speed of 40 km· h^-1, continuous sampling measure with the sampling space of 0.17 m can be realized along the tend towards the railway. The slower the track car is, the smaller the lateral sampling space and the higher the detection resolution will be. When the transmit- ting-receiving antenna of 500 Mhz is used for inspection, the thinnest soil layer of 0. 1 m depth could be clearly detected. Experiment data measured above sleepers or along roadside show reflection signals from tracks and sleepers mixing with the valid reflection radar signal from inspected object body could depress the signal/noise ratio of section. In order to improve detecting capability of measured section, deconvolution and band-pass filtering technique are adopted to remove the sleepers＇ reflection signals from measured data. Field test results of the defect section on Jiaoji railroad shows GPR could clearly inspect the position and the depth of destroyed area of railway ballast.

关 键 词：车载探地雷达系统 铁路路基 路基病害 无损检测 去噪 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]