若尔盖湿地3种无尾两栖类不同发育阶段的生态位宽度  

Niche Breadths of Three Anurans at Different Ontogenetic Stages in Zoige Wetland

作　　者：张晋东[1] 戴建洪[1] 戴强[1] 张明 熊晔[1] 李成[1] 刘志军[1] 王跃招[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所 [2]若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区管理局,四川若尔盖624500

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2006年第5期665-668,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要项目(KSCX2-SW-123);国家自然科学基金(No.30470252;No.30070090)~~

摘　　要：研究了若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区的3种无尾两栖类,高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)、倭蛙(Nanorana pleskei)和岷山蟾蜍(Bufo minshanicus)的成体和亚成体在7个生境因子(牧场性质、牛粪数量、植被高度、植被盖度、距水塘距离、地表温度、地表湿度)上的生态位宽度.结果表明,岷山蟾蜍成体在牧场性质、牛粪数量、植被盖度、地表温度、地表湿度5个维度上的生态位宽度最窄,其亚成体在牧场性质、牛粪数量、植被高度、距水塘距离、地表湿度5个维度上的生态位宽度最宽;倭蛙亚成体在牧场性质、牛粪数量、地表温度、地表湿度4个维度上的生态位宽度最窄,而其成体在牛粪数量、植被高度、植被盖度、距水塘距离4个维度上的生态位宽度最宽;高原林蛙在微气候因子的两个维度上具有较大的生态位宽度值,而在水塘距离维度上的生态位宽度值则很小.当人类活动导致生境变更时,倭蛙的反应最为敏感;比较3种无尾两栖类在不同生长阶段(成体、亚成体)的生态位宽度,发现它们利用资源的策略不同.The niche breadths of adults and subadults of three anuran species （ Rana kukunoris, Nanorana pleskei and Bufo minshanicus ） in Zoige Wetland Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China were studied. The results showed that the niche breadths of B. minshanicus adults on the 5 dimensional axes including character of pasture, number of yak dung, vegetation coverage, temperature and humidity of ground surface, were narrower than those of R. kukunoris and N. pleskei, while the niche breadths of B. minshanicus subadults were broader than those of R. kukunoris and N. pleskei on the 5 dimensional axes including character of pasture, number of yak dung, vegetation height, distance to pool and humidity of ground surface; the niche breadths of N. pleskei subadults were narrower than those of the other two species on 4 dimensional axes including character of pasture, number of yak dung, temperature and humidity of ground surface; the niche breadths of N. pleskei adults were the broadest on the 4 dimensional axes including number of yak dung, vegetation height, vegetation coverage and distance to pool. Comparatively, the niche breadths of R. kukunoris were broader on the two microclimate factors, temperature and humidity of ground surface, but were narrow on distance to pool. When the habitat was changed due to human activities, greater sensitivity was observed for N. pleskei. Strategies for using habitat resources of adults and subadults of the 3 species were different.

关 键 词：若尔盖湿地 生态位宽度 高原林蛙 倭蛙 岷山蟾蜍 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]