遗传与环境因素对女性青春期性征发育的影响  

Genetic and Environmental Influence on the Sexual Characteristics of Pubertal Girls

作　　者：李红娟[1] 季成叶[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京大学医学部儿少卫生研究所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2006年第10期834-835,共2页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(C030104-30371223)

摘　　要：目的 探讨遗传与环境因素对女性青春期性征发育的影响,为进一步深入研究女性青春期发育提供依据.方法 以学校登记为基础,募集6～18岁女性双生子180对,其中单卵双生（MZ）132对,二卵双生（DZ） 48对,按Tanner标准进行青春发育分期,询问有无月经初潮及月经初潮年龄.结果 乳房开始发育的年龄为9～12岁,阴毛开始发育的年龄集中在9～13岁,月经初潮年龄多集中在11～13岁.月经初潮、性征发育一致率均为MZ＞DZ,月经初潮的遗传指数为0.71,乳房和阴毛发育的遗传指数分别为0.34,0.45.月经初潮年龄的组内相关系数MZ＞DZ（P＜0.001）,偶内均方MZ＜DZ（P＜0.001）.遗传度为0.78.结论 月经初潮的发生受遗传因素的作用较大,月经初潮年龄也主要受遗传因素控制,而乳房、阴毛等女性第二性征的发育水平在时间上的表达则受环境因素的作用较大.Objective To explore the genetic and enviromnental influence on sexual characteristics of pubertal gids, and to provide evidence for the further study. Methods The population consisted of 360 gids aged 6 to 18 years： 132 pairs of monozygotic（ MZ） twins and 48 pairs of dizy. gotic（ DZ） twins. Anthropometric measurement and pubertal development stage were detemined by Tanner standard. Results The age of breast develolpment was 9 to 12 years oM, the onset of pubes development was 9 to 13 years old and the age at menarche was 11 to 13 years old. The consistency of menarche and second sexual characteristics of MZ twins were higher than that of DZ twins. Heredity indices were 0.71,0.34 and 0.45 for menarche, development of breast and pubes respectively. Intra-correlation coefficient of MZ gids＇ age at menarche was greater than DZ（ P 〈 0.001 ）, and the inter-class variance of MZ was less than DZ （ P 〈 0.001 ）. The heritability of age at menarehe was 0.78. Conclusion The age at menarche is mainly affected hy the genetic factors, the second sexual characteristics of.girls such as hreast anti pubes developmet are moderately influenced both genetic and environmental factors.

关 键 词：性征 遗传学 环境 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R339.35[医药卫生—人体生理学] R179[医药卫生—基础医学]