叶面喷施氨基酸对茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响  

Influence of Amino Acid Foliar Application on the Amount of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tea Leaf

作　　者：张定[1] 汤茶琴[1] 陈暄[1] 徐德良 肖润林[3] 黎星辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学茶叶研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]无锡市茶叶品种研究所,江苏无锡214063 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《茶叶科学》2006年第4期237-242,共6页Journal of Tea Science

基　　金：中国科学院农业重点课题(NK十五-D-15);江苏省科技攻关招标项目(BG2003301);江苏省自然科学基金(BK2004101)

摘　　要：用不同种类、不同浓度氨基酸喷施茶树,采摘鲜叶并进行真空厌氧处理。比较分析不同处理对茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)生物合成量、厌氧处理对茶样中各氨基酸含量以及施肥时间对GABA合成的影响。结果表明,茶树喷施氨基酸后,经真空厌氧处理茶鲜叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量明显上升,6种氨基酸对GABA合成的影响作用由高到低为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸。茶鲜叶中氨基酸含量尤其是谷氨酸、天冬氨酸及茶氨酸含量高低可以作为评价GABA合成作用的指标;叶面喷施谷氨酸5d时,茶鲜叶中氨基酸总量以及谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和茶氨酸增加总量最高。综合分析确定施0.5%谷氨酸叶面肥5d后,采摘一芽二、三叶鲜叶,常温下厌氧处理8h,是生产γ-氨基丁酸茶的理想方法。Vacuum and anaerobic treated fresh tea leaves which sprayed by different kind or concentration of amino acid were investigation. The influence on the γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） biosynthesis by different treatments were analyzed. The result showed that the content of γ-aminobutyric acid was enhanced obviously after foliage-sprayed and vacuum treatment. The influence of six types of amino acid on the ability of γ-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis was Glutamic Acid 〉 Asparticacid 〉 Glutamine 〉 Phenylalanine 〉 Glycine 〉 Alanine. The content of Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid and Thenine in tea fresh leaves may be the criterion of synthesizing ability for γ-aminobutyric acid. The total content of Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid and theanine has reached the peak on the fifth day in tea fresh leaves. 0.5% Glutamic acid sprayed on tea leaves for 5 days is the best method.

关 键 词：茶 Γ-氨基丁酸 氨基酸叶面肥 谷氨酸 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] Q945.1[农业科学—作物学]