国家作物种质库长期贮藏的高粱种子生活力监测研究  

Monitoring of Sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare) Seed Viability After Long-Term Storage in the National Crop Genebank of China

作　　者：陈晓玲[1] 卢新雄[1] 辛萍萍[1] 张志娥[1] 陈辉[1] 王鸿凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程/农业部作物种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2006年第11期2374-2378,共5页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目(2004BA525B01);国家基础性工作项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】了解国家作物种质库贮藏高粱种子的生活力状况,为国家作物种质库贮存高粱种子及其它作物种子生活力监测及更新方案的制定提供参考,达到长期安全保存种质资源的目的。【方法】对在国家作物种质库贮藏10年以上的3 300份高粱种子的生活力进行了监测,分析了不同起始发芽率和来自不同供种单位和年份种子的生活力变化,探讨了种子起始质量对贮存效果的影响。【结果】90%的种子在国家作物种质库贮存10年后的发芽率仍保持在入库最低标准85%以上,有33份(占被监测份数的1.00%)出现了明显下降,发芽率从85%以上下降至70%以下。从总体上看,低发芽率水平的种子份数增加,高发芽率水平的种子份数减少。来自不同供种单位和不同年份种子间的发芽率下降差异显著。【结论】在进行种子生活力监测时应首先监测生活力出现显著下降的送存单位提供的种子。另外,监测时应按顺序一份一份地检测,不能进行抽测,因即使是同一单位在同一年份送存的种子生活力变化范围非常大。种子在繁殖或更新时还应将其生长季节,特别是种子成熟和收获时候的气候条件进行记录。[Objective] The objective was to know seed viability of sorghum accessions stored in the National Crop Genebank of China （NCGC） and provide scientific basis for making seed viability monitoring protocols of sorghum（Sorghum vulgare） seeds and other crops stored in the NCGC. [Method] Seed viabilities of 3 300 sorghum accessions stored in the NCGC for more than 10 years were monitored. The influence of different initial germination percentages and the quality of seeds supplied by different units on viability variation of stored seeds were analyzed. [ Result ] The results showed that after 10 years storage in the NCGC, more than 90% of the 3 300 monitored accessions of sorghum seeds maintained a germination percentage above 85%, the lowest initial viability standard for sorghum seeds when put into a low-temperature genebank. The number of varieties having low germination percentages increased while the number of varieties having high germination percentages decreased as a whole. The germination percentage of 33 accessions, accounting for 1.00% of the total, declined significantly from above 85% to below 75%. The decline of seed viability between different suppliers and different years was significant. [Conclusion] Seeds having significant declining viability should be considered as the focal point in the seed viability monitoring. Moreover, seed viability monitoring should be done individually, and should not be monitored selectively. There was a large variation of viability among accessions even when supplied by the same unit in the same year. In addition, seed vigor should be recorded at the time of testing, as initial seed germination percentage is a reference for viability monitoring in future. If it is possible, a record should also be made of climate at the stages of seeds ripening and harvesting, and even the whole growing season when regenerating seeds in the future.

关 键 词：高粱 种子 长期贮藏 生活力监测 国家作物种质库 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]