井下乳化/水热催化裂解复合降黏开采稠油技术研究  

A Study on Heavy Oil Recovery by in-Situ Emulsification/Catalytic Aquathermolysis

作　　者：宋向华[1] 蒲春生[1] 刘洋[2] 张荣军[1] 秦文龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省油气田特种增产技术重点实验室(西安石油大学) [2]中国石化胜利油田公司孤东采油厂,山东东营257237

出　　处：《油田化学》2006年第2期153-157,共5页Oilfield Chemistry

基　　金：国家西部科技行动计划重大攻关项目"陕甘宁盆地低渗油田高效开发与水资源可持续发展关键技术研究"的部分研究成果(项目编号2005BA901A13)

摘　　要：实验考察了胜利孤东稠油井下催化水热裂解和乳化／催化水热裂解降黏效果。所用催化剂为水溶性铁镍钒体系，Fe^3＋：Ni^2＋：VO^4＋=5：1：1，100g稠油与30g 0．5％催化荆水溶液在240℃反应24小时。原始黏度（50℃）11．0和8．36Pa·s的两种稠油裂解并静置除水后，黏度降低76．2％和75．6％，室温放置60天后降黏率下降小于3个百分点。气相色谱显示裂解后轻组分明显增加，红外光谱显示稠油组分发生脱羧反应且芳环数减少。讨论了稠油催化水热裂解反应机理。所用化学助剂JN-A在油水中均可溶，耐温达250％2，耐矿化度达50g／L，其水溶液以30：100的质量比与稠油混合时形成低黏度的O/W乳状液。当水相含1．0％JN-A和0．5％催化剂时，两种稠油水热裂解后的反应混合物为O/W乳状液，黏度仅为319和309mPa·s．静置除水后的稠油降黏率增加到86．5％和87．3％，其中的轻组分含量进一步增加。该井下乳化／催化水热裂解复合降黏法成功地用于孤东两口蒸汽吞吐井，稠油井作业后初期采出的原油黏度由～9Pa·s降低到1Pa·s左右，随采油时间延长而逐渐升高，约50天后超过4Pa-S.图2表6参5。The visoosily reduction （VR） of Gudong heavy oils by in-situ catalytic aquathermolysis （CATh） and emulsification/CATh is experimentally investigated. The catalyst used is a water soluble Fe-Ni-V system with Fe^3＋ ：Ni^2＋ ：VO^4＋ =5： 1：1; 100 g oil and 30 g 0.5% aqueous catalyst solution are reacted at 240℃ in 24 hrs. For 2 heavy oil samples of initial viscosity 11.0 and 8.36 Pa＇s at 50℃, cracked by CATh and separated from water, VR rate of 76.2% and 75.6% is oserved and the decrement in VR rate is less than 3 per cent after standing at ambient temperatures in 60 days; gas chromatographic data show a notable shift of carbon number distribution of hydrocarbons in direction to lower carbon number and IR spectra indicate deearboxylation and aromatic ring number reduction. The mechanisms involved in CATh of heavy oils are discussed. The emulsifier used, JN-A, is soluhle both in water and in oil, heat resistant up to 250℃; and tolerant to .salinity up to 50 g/L; its aqueous solution forms with heavy oils low viscosity O/W emulsions at oil-to-water mass ratio = 100：30. For the 2 heavy oil samples above mentioned; the reaction mixture with 1.0 % JN-A added additionally in the aqueous phase after CATh complpleted is an O/W emulsion and has low viscosity of 319 and 309 mPa·s, respectively; for the oil smaples cracked and separated from water, the VR rate is of 86.5% and 87.3%, respectively, and the carbon number distribution of hydrocarbons is shifted to low carbon number further. The in-situ emulsification/CATh as a way of reducing viscosity and recovering heavy oils has been successfutly applied in 2 stearn huff-puff wells and the viscosity of produced heavy crude olt is decreased from-9 Pa·s to - 1 Pa·s at the initial stage after the operations, decreases gradually in oil production course and exceeds 4 Pa·s in about 50 days.

关 键 词：稠油 催化水热裂解 过渡金属催化剂 乳化 降黏 改质 稠油开采 蒸汽吞吐井 胜利孤东油田 

分 类 号：TE357.44[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] TE624.3