不同处理大豆粉在犊牛代乳粉中的应用效果比较  

Comparison of Effects of Different Processed Soybean Flours Including in Replacer in Calves

作　　者：叶纪梅[1] 高艳霞[1] 张祥[2] 王加启[1] 赵国琦[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100094 [2]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2006年第11期3-6,共4页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：反刍动物营养调控关键技术研究(2002BA514A-10-2)

摘　　要：试验选择24头7～15日龄的健康荷斯坦公犊，随机分为4组，每组6头，分别饲喂全乳和采用不同处理大豆粉替代50％乳蛋白的代乳粉。Ⅰ组犊牛喂全乳，Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组犊牛分别饲喂含加热大豆粉的代乳粉、含脱脂生大豆粉的代乳粉和含膨化大豆粉代乳粉。饲喂6周后断奶。试验结果表明：试验Ⅰ组平均体重在各周龄均高于其它3组，但是差异不显著（P〉0．05）；在0～2周，试验Ⅰ组的日增重显著高于试验Ⅲ组（P〈0.05），极显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P〈0.01），在整个试验期内，试验Ⅰ组日增重显著高于试验Ⅲ组（P〈0.05），与其他两组无显著差异；血液中血糖和甘油三酯浓度各组间也无显著差异（P〉0．05），但血浆中尿素氮发生了比较明显的变化，在6周时试验Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05），而在1周时试验Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组显著高于其他2组（P〈0.05），其它试验Ⅱ组极显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）；营养来源不同对犊牛的免疫功能有一定影响，血浆中IgA、IgG和IgM含量也发生比较明显的变化。在4周时，试验Ⅰ组血浆IgG含量显著高于Ⅳ组，试验Ⅰ组IgA含量均显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05），其中与试验Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组有极显著差异（P〈0.01）；6周时试验Ⅲ组IgA浓度显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）；在4周时试验Ⅰ组IgM浓度均显著高于其他组（P〈0．05），极显著高于试验Ⅳ组（P〈0．01），在4周、6周试验Ⅲ组IgM浓度均显著高于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）。试验结果表明：膨化大豆饲喂效果最佳，加热大豆粉次之，脱脂生大豆粉最差，同时饲喂非乳源性大豆粉对犊牛的免疫机能有一定影响。Twenty four Holstein bull calves were selected and assigned to four groups randomly. Calves in four groups were respectively fed whole milk （Group Ⅰ ）or milk replacers contraining heated soybean flour （Group Ⅱ ）,defatted crude soybean flour（Group Ⅲ ）,and expended soybean flour（Group Ⅳ ）. In milk replacer, soybean protein replaced milk protein by 50%. Calves weaned after feeding 6 weeks. The results showed that there was no significant different in body weight between different groups（P〉0. 05）,Between 0 and 2 week, the daily body weight gain of Group Ⅰ was significantly higher than Group Ⅲ （P〈0.05）, and Group Ⅱ（P〈0. 01）. During the whole 6 weeks, the daily body weight gain of Group Ⅰ was significantly higher than Group Ⅲ （P 〈 0. 05）; there was no significant change in phsma glucose and triglycerides concentration between different groups （P〉0.05）, but plasma urea nitrogen concentration （hanged obviously, at 6th week Group Ⅰ was significantly higher than Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅳ , but at 1st week, Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅳ was significant higher than others（P〈0.05）; plasma IgA,IgG,IgM concentration also changed, at 4th week, plasma IgG of Group Ⅰ was significantly higher than Group N （P〈0.05）,IgA and IgM were also significantly higher then the others（P〈0.05）, and at 6th week, plasma IgA of Group Ⅲ was higher than Group Ⅱ , as well as IgM. In conclusion： in our experiment, expended soybena flour was the best material to replace milk protein, and the defatted crude soybean flour was not fit to add to replacer directly, non milk protein in replacer could lower calves immunity.

关 键 词：犊牛 大豆粉 代乳粉 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]