80岁以上老年人的视力状况及眼部情况调查  

Investigation on eyes condition and restoration in people older than eighty

作　　者：郭晓萍[1] 夏群[1] 张伟[1] 张尧贞[1] 楮德发[1] 

机构地区：[1]卫生部北京医院眼科,100730

出　　处：《北京医学》2006年第12期723-725,共3页Beijing Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的总结80岁以上老年人的视力状况并分析其影响因素。方法常规检查458例老年人日常生活视力、外眼、眼前节、眼底及眼压;对合作者验光矫正屈光不正,对疑似眼病者采用相应的辅助检查。结果本组老年人平均日常生活视力为0.57±0.44;盲和低视力患病率分别为3.9%和5.5%。其中≥90岁老年人的平均视力(0.39)较80～89岁老年人平均视力(0.60)低下;盲和低视力的比率均为9.16%,与80～89岁年龄组的1.83%和3.98%比较,也显著增高(P<0.001)。影响老年人视力的原因主要是屈光不正和老年性眼病。每位老人平均患有2种眼病。常见眼病首位是白内障,严重影响视力的眼病主要是眼底黄斑病变,其次为青光眼和各种视神经萎缩。结论随年龄增长老年人视力逐渐减退,盲和低视力的发生率增加,既有老年性眼病的影响,也有屈光不正和生理性老化因素的影响。为改善老年人的视觉质量,除需积极治疗老年性易患眼病外,还应重视屈光不正的矫正。Objective To investigate the eye condition especially the visual condition in people older than eighty. Methods The patients were underwent a routine eye examination including the daily living vision, eyelids, anterior segment, fundus and intraocular pressure measurement. The vision was corrected if the daily living vision was abnormal. When eye diseases were suspected, relevant accessory examinations were carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Data were analyzed with t-test, chi-square test, Logistic one factor analysis and stepwise regression analysis by SPSS10.0 statistical software. Results The average daily living vision in this group of aged people was 0.57±0.44, The average daily living vision, the ratio of blindness and low vision in people who were elder than 90 were lower than those who were between 80 to 90 years old. The difference between the two gnoups was significant. The average corrected vision increased 0.15-0.20 and the ratio of corrected vision higher than 1.0 were increased too. The factors that affected vision in the aged were errors of refraction and common eye diseases, especially the errors of refraction was the most common and usually being ignored. The cataract was the most common disease in the aged, but the eye diseases that comprise the vision most were macular degeneration, glaucoma and optic nerve atrophy respectively. Every elder people has 2 eye diseases in average （from 1 to 6）. Conclusions The vision was decreased, and the ratio of blindness and low vision was increased as the age was increased Common eye diseases in the elderly and degeneration are the two main causes, It is necessary to correct the error of refraction and to rehabilitate the low vision eyes as to treat the common eye diseases to improve vision acuity.

关 键 词：老年人 视力 

分 类 号：R770.4[医药卫生—眼科]