职业暴露低剂量电离辐射人群细胞遗传学损伤及受照剂量的研究  

Study on the cytogenics damage by occupational exposure to low dose ionizing radiation and the accumulate dose

作　　者：韩方岸[1] 胡云[1] 朱庆安[1] 仲志鸿[1] 徐庆[1] 张文慧（校） 

机构地区：[1]镇江市疾病预防控制中心,江苏镇江212003 [2]不详

出　　处：《疾病控制杂志》2006年第6期580-585,共6页Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention

基　　金：镇江市2004年社会发展基金项目(SH2004039)

摘　　要：目的对放射工作者个人累积受照剂量、健康效应指标、细胞遗传学指标进行检测,探索长期低剂量辐射对工作者健康的影响。方法暴露组配戴“TLDmodel 469”个人剂量监测计,用“TLP-热释光剂量数据处理系统”测读结果。微量全血培养法检测染色体畸变及微核。询问病史、自觉症状,检查内科、皮肤科、眼科、五官科,检验WBC+DC、W-LCR、W-SCR、Hb、PLT、ALT、HB-sAg。结果暴露组受照剂量最高192.02 mSv/a,最低0.42 mSv/a,人均年受照剂量5.47 mSv/a。暴露组中有头疼、头晕、易倦、乏力、嗜睡、记忆力减退等者占13.47%,高于对照组5.79%。暴露组眼晶状体混浊发生率为32.42%(709/2 187),显著高于对照组的6.25%(15/240)。暴露组染色体总畸变率1.61%,高于对照组0.16%。受照剂量与染色体总畸变率呈正相关关系(r=0.982,P<0.01),与染色体细胞畸变率呈正相关关系(r=0.978,P<0.01)。同位素组、介入放射组高于其他组(χ2=565.54、496.12,P<0.01)。结论用改良微量全血培养法检测放射工作者染色体型畸变超过2%,双着丝粒体≥1%,应考虑诊断慢性放射病。Objective To monitor the accumulate dose of the ionizing radiation workers gotten, the index of health domino effect, the index of blood lymphocytes heredity damage, to discuss the dose of long low ionizing radiation influence on health of workers exposured to radiation. Methods The exposed group carried person dose monitoring meter ＂TLDmodel 469＂, reading the results used ＂TLP-hot light lumination dose data disposal system＂. Monitoring chromosome aberration and microkernel used little blood cultivate method. The workers health history and self feel symptom were collected. The medicine, skin, eyes, five sense organs, WBC＋ DC, W-LCR,W-SCR, Hb, PLT,ALT, HBsAg were investigated. Results The hightest and lowest dose of exposed group were 192.02 mSv/a and 0.42 mSv/a, respectively. The average dose per person was 5. 47 mSv/a. 13. 47% exposure group workers had headache, swirl, retire, hypersomnia, remember ability reduce was higher than 5.79% in control group. The positive rate of eyes lens turbid was 32. 4296 （709/2 187） which was higher than 6.2596 （15/240） in control group. Chromosome aberration rate in exposure group was 1.6196 and which was higher than control group 0.16%. The workers accepted dose and the chromosome aberration rate had positive correlation （r = 0. 982, P 〈 0.01 ）, and with the cells Chromosome aberration rate had positive correlation （r = 0. 978, P〈0.01 ）. Isotopes group and interventional radiation group were higher than other group （2 = 565.54, 496.12, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclosions According as the situation of the country, the health administration should to constitute the occupation radiation dose level of china.

关 键 词：辐射 电离 受照剂量 染色体畸变 微核试验 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]