污水灌溉对土壤重金属含量、酶活性和微生物类群分布的影响  

Effect of sewage irrigation on the distribution of heavy metal,enzyme activities and microbial population in the soil

作　　者：张彦[1] 张惠文[1] 苏振成[1] 张成刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2006年第6期44-50,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2004CB418503)

摘　　要：以沈阳张士灌区长期污灌的农田土壤为对象，研究了土壤重金属、土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和种群分布特征，分析了土壤微生物参数与土壤重金属和土壤性质的相关关系。结果表明，虽然已停止污灌十余年，张士灌区农刚土壤仍存在cd、Zn、Cu等多种重金属污染。土壤Cd污染最严重，含量达1．75-3．89mg·kg^-土壤耕作层（0～30cm）Zn、cu、Pb总含量随土层深度增加逐渐减少，而Cd元素的垂汽分布量向下迁移的趋势。cd、zn、cu、Pb等4种重金属含鲢水平分布特征相似，均为1号样地〉2号样地〉3号样地〉4号样地。相关性分析表明，张士灌区土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和种群分布受重金属污染和土壤养分的影响，土壤养分含量（有机碳、N、P、K）对微生物的正面效应大于重金属时微生物的负叫效应。土壤全量Cd和速效K对微生物参数的影响最为明显，Cd含最与多酚氧化酶活性和微生物生物量（Cmic）呈极显著负相关，与纤维素酶活性呈极品著币相梵（P〈0．01），速效K含量与多酚氧化酶活性、微乍物乍物量以搜可培养微生物种群数量均呈极显著正相关（P〈001）。The present paper is aimed at introducing the authors＇ study on the effect of long-term sewage irrigation of the fields in Zhangshi Irrigation Area in Shenyang on the distribution of heavy metals, enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial population in the soil. For this purpose, the paper has also studied the relationship between the soil microbial parameters, the heavy metal content and the soil properties. The results of our study have shown that the arable soils in the irrigation area have been polluted by Cd, Zn and Cu though sewage irrigation has already ceased over a decade. Most serious pollution brought by Cd ranges from 1.75 to 3.89 mg· kg^-1. The vertical distribution of Zn, Cu and Pb contents proves to decrease with the soil depth in farming layer （0-30 cm）, while the soil polluted by Cd indicates a trend of downward tendency. While the horizontal distribution situations of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb content in soil are similar with the order of Site 1 〉 Site 2 〉 Site 3 〉 Site 4, the correlation analysis proves that the distribution of the soil＇ s enzyme activities, microbial biomass and population in the area under study has been affeeted by both the heavy metal pollution and the pollution of the soil＇s nutrients. Furthermore, the positive effects of the soil nutrients （organic C, N, P, K） on the soil microbes prove to be greater than the negative ones. Both the total Cd content and available K content analysis indicate that the most pronounced effects can be found in the soil＇s microbial parameters. Its Cd content shows a significant negative correlation with the activities of polyphenol oxidase, microbial biomass （ Cmic ） but a significant positive correlation with the cellulase activity （ P 〈 0.01 ）. As to the soil＇ s available K, there appears a remarkably positive correlation witb the activities of polyphenol oxidase, microbial biomass and culturable microbial population （ P 〈 0.01 ）.

关 键 词：微生物生态学 污水灌溉 农田土壤 重金属污染 土壤微牛物 分布特征 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]