苏云金芽胞杆菌基因工程菌BMB696B对实验动物的安全性评估  

Bio-safety assessment of genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis BMB696B to mammals

作　　者：彭东海[1] 陈守文[1] 阮丽芳[1] 李林[1] 喻子牛[1] 孙明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院农业微生物学国家重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2006年第6期87-91,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家973项目(2003CB114201);国家863项目(2003AA223081;2004AA214092)

摘　　要：将来自苏云金芽胞杆菌李氏亚种的营养期杀虫蛋白基因vip83导入苏云金芽胞杆菌高毒菌株YBT 1520,得到广谱、高毒的工程菌BMB696B。室内生物测定显示该工程菌对棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾具有很高的毒力。然而,国内外还未见有关于营养期杀虫蛋白的毒理学资料的报道,因此工程菌BMB696B的毒理学安全性也无法预测。为了对该工程菌的安全性进行合理的评价,并为该产品的生产和应用过程中安全防护措施的制定提供依据,根据国家标准GB 15670—1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》,就BMB696B粉剂对实验动物进行了相关的毒理学试验。结果表明,工程菌对Wistar大鼠急性经口LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,急性经皮LD50大于2 000 mg/kg,均属低毒类;对兔皮肤刺激平均指数72 h后为0,皮肤刺激强度为无刺激性;眼刺激平均指数48 h后为0,眼刺激强度为无刺激性;对豚鼠致敏率为0,属I级弱致敏物。由此证明,工程菌BMB696B没有经口和经皮的急性毒性、没有急性皮肤和眼刺激性、没有致敏性。The present paper is concerned about the authors＇ experimental study over the genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis MB696B in the laboratory conditions. BMB696B is known to be a kind of highly toxic agent against Heliocoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. Results gained from field experiments indicate that it has a good controlling power over the Ostrinia furnacalis and Plutella xylostella. However, there is no detailed description over the toxicity of VIPs against the rodents, and, therefore, the safety remains insecure as to its industrial adoption and application. Starting from this industrial need, the paper is aimed to provide a definite laboratory assessment over its bio-safety. In this paper, we have done a series of toxicological tests over BMB696B by strictly following the State Standard（ GB 15670-1995）, including the acute toxicity tests through the rats＇ mouth and skin, skin irritation testing, eye irritation and dermal sensitization testing and so on. The results indicate that the acute oral toxicity testing of BMB696B is LD50 〉 5 000 mg/kg; the acute dermal toxicity LD50 〉 2 000 mg/kg. However, no irritation to rabbit skin and eye was found and the rate of dermal sensitization is 0. Thus, it can be concluded that the acute toxicity of BMB696B both through mouth and skin proves of lower level, with no irritations to rabbit skin and eye detected. And its dermal sensitization comes to Grade I with no sensitizing matter. Thus, these results of our laboratory tests prove that the said product could be generally regarded as safe and secure for use in the bio-pesticide industry.

关 键 词：微生物学 苏云金芽胞杆菌 基因工程菌 生物农药 安全性评估 毒理学试验 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]