马铃薯2x-2x,4x-2x和2x-4x杂交产生的四倍体杂种块茎产量和特性的优势表现及遗传分析  

Heterosis and Genetic Analysis of Yield and Tuber Characters of 4x Hybrids from 2x-2x, 4x-2x and 2x-4x Crosses in Potato

作　　者：冉毅东[1] 戴朝曦[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农业生物工程研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物学报》1996年第6期745-749,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

摘　　要：利用能产生2n配子的二倍体杂种与四倍体普通栽培种(S.tuberosum L.)和四倍体新型栽培种(Neo—tuberosum)进行了2x-2x,4x-2x和2x-4x间的杂交,获得了18个杂交组合的4x杂种家系,将这些家系与其10个4x亲本品种(品系)及对照品种在同一地点进行了连续两年的比较试验。结果表明:4x杂种家系单株平均块茎产量比亲本两年分别高16％和19％;其中最好的6个杂种家系比较好的4个品种(品系)分别高20％和43％;杂种产量的优势主要表现在单株块茎数目的显著增多,但在块茎商品率方面则与4x亲本差异不显著,而且杂种块茎的表现还不如4x亲本及对照品种,这是由于具2n配子特性的2x亲本这些性状较差所致。试验结果还表明杂种的遗传背景愈复杂其杂种优势也愈强,进一步说明马铃薯的产量与遗传异质性(多样性)的强弱可能有明显关系,利用2n配子特性可获得较高的遗传异质性。18 hybrid families were obtained from 2x-2x, 4x-2x and 2x-4x crosses by using two 4x cultivated cultivars and 2 breeding lines (S. tuberosum L. ), Six 4x Neo-tuberosum lines and three 2x interspecific hybrids (which could produce 2n gametes). The results of a com-paritive experiment between these families and ten 4x parent cultivars (or breeding lines) as well as control 4x cultivar for two years (1992-1993), showed that the average tuber yield per plant of 4x hybrid famihes was 16% and 19% higher than that of 4x parent cultivars (lines) respectively. The average yield of the 6 best hybrid families was 20% and 43% higher than that of the 4 best parent and control in the 2 years respectively. The heterosis in the yield of the 4x hybrids was mainly expressed as a higher tuber number per plant, but the commercial tuber yield showed no significant difference between the hybrids and their 4x parents. The tuber appearance of hybrids was worse than that of the 4x parent cultivars.The results of this experiment also illustrated that the more complex genetic background in the hybrid, the more heterosis it would have, which further proved that there was a significant correlation between the genetic diversity and heterosis. The high yield of the 4x hybrids might be due to the geretic diversity brought by the 2x wild potato deversities.

关 键 词：马铃薯 杂种优势 有性多倍化 

分 类 号：S532.035.1[农业科学—作物学]