中华蜜蜂群体内温度变化及调控的研究  

Study on temperature change and adjustment in the colony of Apis cerana cerana

作　　者：余林生[1] 曹义锋[1] 邹运鼎[1] 毕守东[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2006年第4期53-58,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部畜禽种质资源保护项目(农财发2004[42]号);安徽省自然科学基金项目(03041202)

摘　　要：为了保护中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）的遗传多样性，合理开发利用中华蜜蜂资源，用新法饲养和旧法饲养对安徽皖南山区的中华蜜蜂群体温度变化及调控进行了研究。结果表明，新法和旧法饲养的中华蜜蜂蜂团中心温度分别为：春季（32．57±0．29）℃和（32．78±0．60）℃，夏季（34．03±0．33）℃和（34．26±0．31）℃，秋季（32．19±0．26）℃和（32．39±0．26）℃，冬季（26．14±0．39）℃和（27．47±0．31）℃；边缘温度分别为：春季（22．24±1．77）℃和（22．49±1．78）℃，夏季（33．71±0．64）℃和（34．08±0．66）℃，秋季（19．27±0．54）℃和（19．68±0．52）℃，冬季（14．20±0．09）℃和（14．81±0．07）℃。新法和旧法饲养的蜂团中心温度与环境温度之间差异均极显著（P〈0．01）；夏季和冬季新法和旧法饲养的蜂团边缘温度与环境温度之间差异显著（P〈0．05），春、秋季差异不显著；冬季旧法蜂团中心与边缘温度均高于新法。在环境温度剧变条件下，通过群体的调节，冷库中繁殖群蜂团中心温度保持30．5～32．6℃；温室中断子群蜂团中心温度保持27．8～31．8℃。The study on the colony temperature change and adjustment of Apis cerana cerana in the mountainous areas southern Anhui Province was carried with new and old methods for protecting its genetic diversity and exploiting its resource reasonably. The resuits showed that the temperature in the colony centre of Apis cerana cerana bred by new method was （32.57±0.29）℃, （34.03±0.33）℃, （32.19±0.26）℃, （26.14±0.39）℃ in spring, summer, autumn, winter respectively and the temperature in the edge was （22.24±1.77）℃, （33.71±0.64）℃, （19.27±0.54）℃, （14.20±0.09）℃, respectively. The temperature in the colony centre of Apis cerana cerana bred by old method was （32.78±0.60）℃, （34.26±0.31）℃, （32.39±0.26）℃, （27.47±0.31）℃ in spring, summer, autumn, winter respectively and the temperature in the edge was （22.49±1.78）℃, （34.08±0.66）℃, （19.68±0.52）℃, （14.81±0.07）℃, respectively. The difference of the temperature in the center of colony bred by the two methods with the temperature in environment was extremely significant （P 〈 0.01）, and the edge temperature was significant difference （P 〈 0.05） in summer and winter, hut not significant （P 〉 0.05） in spring and autumn. The temperatures in the centre and edge of colony bred by the old method were higher than those by the new method in winter. The temperature in colony centre was remained 30.5 ℃ to 32.6 ℃ through group regulation in cold storage and 27.8 ℃ to 31.8 ℃ with no brood time in greenhouse.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 蜂群 温度 调控 

分 类 号：S891.7[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]