中国自然灾害灾后响应能力评价与地域差异  

Assessment and regional difference of disaster resilience capability in China

作　　者：王静爱[1] 施之海[2] 刘珍[1] 吕红峰[3] 周洪建[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院 [3]北京师范大学区域地理研究实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2006年第6期23-27,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671003);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40535024);国家"985工程":北京师范大学公共安全政策项目

摘　　要：灾后恢复是减灾管理的重要环节。从灾害系统角度界定了恢复性的概念;构建了由地均粮食产量、单位面积上拥有的病床床位数、人均城乡居民储蓄存款余额、地均财政收入、人均财政收入、基本建设投资和综合通行能力等指标组成的评价指标体系;提出了灾后恢复能力指数模型;对全国县域单元进行了灾后恢复能力评价。结果表明:我国灾后恢复能力指数Z值呈现“东高西低”的地域差异;贫困县域Z值普遍偏低,西藏、新疆西部、西南云贵地区、北方农牧交错带应是当前进行恢复能力建设的重点区域;城市Z值普遍较高,其地域差异与城市经济水平相对应。研究结果可为自然灾害救助区划提供依据,为减灾县域管理决策提供支持。Disaster resilience is an important step in disaster reduction management. This paper defined the concept of resilience from the perspective of disaster system and established the assessment index system including foodstuff production and number of hospital beds in per unit area, average deposit balance, per unit area and average financial revenue, capital construction investment and ability of land traffic. Then the resilience capability index model was put forward and the disaster resilience capability of all the counties in China was assessed by the model. The results indicated that the resilience capability index Z is high in eastern China and low in western China. Z is lower in poor counties. And Tibet, Sinkiang, Yunnan and Guizhou and the farming-pastoral transition zone in northern China should be the key areas in constructing disaster resilience capability. Z is higher in cities, and the regional difference of disaster resilience capability is corresponding to urban economic level. The research can provide scientific basis for disaster relief zoning and also serve to support disaster reduction management decision-making at county level.

关 键 词：灾后恢复响应 恢复能力指数 地域差异 中国 自然灾害 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]